We’ve all seen it: an overzealous lifter in the squat rack, four plates deep on each side, bellowing out a battle cry as if entering battle against Gregor Clegane in the Game of Thrones.
One of two things happen:
1. An underwhelming quarter squat.
2. A “hybrid good-morning” that resembles Miley Cyrus twerking at the VMA’s rather than a true squat.
My point isn’t to make fun of these well-intentioned lifters; rather, it’s to bring attention to this commonly butchered exercise. Despite being crowned “the king” of all exercises, few techniques are butchered as poorly as the back squat.
Miley is actually holding better spinal position than 90% of the people I see at the gym. 1-0 Miley.
The Risk/Reward Ratio
All training — all decisions in life, for that matter — is weighed on a risk/reward ratio. If the risk of a decision outweighs the reward, then it should be reconsidered. Let’s use a night out on the town as a comparison.
Are you putting back tequila shots everytime you make your way to the bar or are you staying with a glass or two of bourbon (neat, of course)?
With tequila, your hangover’s going to be a killer, but you’ll loosen your inhibitions, have fun, and grow the balls to approach the hottie you’ve been eyeing since you walked in the door.
On the flip side, you’ll potentially make an ass out of yourself and spend tomorrow morning hugging the porcelain queen between episodes of House of Cards.
With the bourbon, you’ll get a little loose, but head home early, sleep well, and crush life tomorrow.
The best decision? Well, that’s up to you. Each has its own risks and rewards.
Back to Training
Do you just do the stuff you like: squat rack curls, hammer curls, and abs? Or do you do the hard lifts like chin-ups and deadlifts?
Curls and abs might give you a temporary pump, but those results are short-lived. Hammer the big lifts and you’ll stimulated a massive influx of anabolic hormones and by all accounts, get more bang for your buck.
The best decision? This one’s not up to you. The best decision is to crush the big lifts, then do some curls for dem biceps.
And On to Squats
Do you do back squats because your coach says you have to if you want to be a real lifter, or do you do a lift that better matches your goals and mobility restrictions?
Well, back squats are awesome. No doubt about it. But you always bust your shit doing them: you round your back into lumbar flexion, shift your weight forward onto your toes, and feel like trash after each workout.
But hey, the internet says you have to, so that definitely falls under reward.
The better option would be to pick a harder exercise that improves your thoracic extension and posture, crushes your legs and abs, and leaves you stimulated rather than annihilated. In this case, the front squat wins over the back squat.
When the Back Squat is a Better Choice for You
Before you crucify me and quote your favorite training manual, consider the following exceptions:
1. If you’re a competitive or aspiring powerlifter, by all means, go back squat. It’s your direct competition. Ignoring your main lift would be like telling Aaron Rodgers to stop throwing a Football.
2. If you can back squat without pain, butt-wink, or turn it into a good-morning, then by all means back squat. I find the number of people in this category few and far between.
Why You Should Front Squat Instead of Back Squat
In the interest of maximum gains with minimal risk, the front squat is an all-around better exercise than the back squat for the majority of lifters.
What Most People Don’t Know
Front Squats Are Safer
Front squats can help you reduce your risk of injury because you’re not bouncing out of a deep squat with a compressed and flexed spine.
Greater Relative Muscle Activation
With the greater range of motion that a back squat allows, you have a greater risk of pulling your glutes, hamstrings, and quads. You also increase the demands on each muscle to contract and return to the starting position, which increases muscle activation and stimulates more muscle mass for growth.
You’ll use less weight with a front squat, while achieving a similar muscle activation with less stress to your joints.
Jacked Quads and a Yoke
There are two spots where the front squat is a notch above a back squat: quad and upper back development.
First, front squats are performed with a narrow, neutral foot stance compared to the wider, externally rotated position of the back squat.
This leads to less activation on the hamstrings and abductors, but increases demand on the quads. Take a look at the quads of any Olympic lifter and you’ll see what I mean: VMO development that would make any dude jealous.
Further, to hold bar position on the top of the shoulders, the elbows must stay perpendicular to the ground. Apologies for this upcoming anatomy bomb, but front squats require scapula and clavicle elevation along with an upward rotation to keep the elbows up and the bar in proper position. This requires the traps, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and lats to work in conjunction to hold position and prevent you from dumping the bar forward.
What all that means is that the front squat strengthens the muscles that are weak from keeling over your desk for 40+ hours a week.
The Squat Conundrum is Real, But I Have a Solution
Back squats are great, but most people suck at them and don’t have the time, knowledge, or patience to fix the underlying mobility and stability restrictions necessary to do them safely and effectively.
That’s why most of the time, I opt for front squats. For my athletes and busy execs, there’s less risk and a greater reward to keeping them healthy, athletic, and jacked.
One of two things happen:
1. An underwhelming quarter squat.
2. A “hybrid good-morning” that resembles Miley Cyrus twerking at the VMA’s rather than a true squat.
My point isn’t to make fun of these well-intentioned lifters; rather, it’s to bring attention to this commonly butchered exercise. Despite being crowned “the king” of all exercises, few techniques are butchered as poorly as the back squat.
The Risk/Reward Ratio
All training — all decisions in life, for that matter — is weighed on a risk/reward ratio. If the risk of a decision outweighs the reward, then it should be reconsidered. Let’s use a night out on the town as a comparison.
Are you putting back tequila shots everytime you make your way to the bar or are you staying with a glass or two of bourbon (neat, of course)?
With tequila, your hangover’s going to be a killer, but you’ll loosen your inhibitions, have fun, and grow the balls to approach the hottie you’ve been eyeing since you walked in the door.
On the flip side, you’ll potentially make an ass out of yourself and spend tomorrow morning hugging the porcelain queen between episodes of House of Cards.
With the bourbon, you’ll get a little loose, but head home early, sleep well, and crush life tomorrow.
The best decision? Well, that’s up to you. Each has its own risks and rewards.
Back to Training
Do you just do the stuff you like: squat rack curls, hammer curls, and abs? Or do you do the hard lifts like chin-ups and deadlifts?
Curls and abs might give you a temporary pump, but those results are short-lived. Hammer the big lifts and you’ll stimulated a massive influx of anabolic hormones and by all accounts, get more bang for your buck.
The best decision? This one’s not up to you. The best decision is to crush the big lifts, then do some curls for dem biceps.
And On to Squats
Do you do back squats because your coach says you have to if you want to be a real lifter, or do you do a lift that better matches your goals and mobility restrictions?
Well, back squats are awesome. No doubt about it. But you always bust your shit doing them: you round your back into lumbar flexion, shift your weight forward onto your toes, and feel like trash after each workout.
But hey, the internet says you have to, so that definitely falls under reward.
The better option would be to pick a harder exercise that improves your thoracic extension and posture, crushes your legs and abs, and leaves you stimulated rather than annihilated. In this case, the front squat wins over the back squat.
When the Back Squat is a Better Choice for You
Before you crucify me and quote your favorite training manual, consider the following exceptions:
1. If you’re a competitive or aspiring powerlifter, by all means, go back squat. It’s your direct competition. Ignoring your main lift would be like telling Aaron Rodgers to stop throwing a Football.
2. If you can back squat without pain, butt-wink, or turn it into a good-morning, then by all means back squat. I find the number of people in this category few and far between.
Why You Should Front Squat Instead of Back Squat
- Improved Posture: You spend the majority of your day as an internally rotated ball of flesh, caffeine, and flexion. The same movement pattern you’re stuck in all day is exacerbated with the heavy compressive load and trunk flexions of a back squat. Compression and shear stress are a common recipe for disk injury that leaves lots of lifters in the PT clinic instead of the gym.
- The anterior load of the front squat keeps your spine more vertical. This reduces shear stress on your spine and improves anterior core engagement to reduce flexion-based injuries to your low back.
- You’ll build a greater core strength, improve your posture, and still crush your legs.
In the interest of maximum gains with minimal risk, the front squat is an all-around better exercise than the back squat for the majority of lifters.
What Most People Don’t Know
Front Squats Are Safer
Front squats can help you reduce your risk of injury because you’re not bouncing out of a deep squat with a compressed and flexed spine.
Greater Relative Muscle Activation
With the greater range of motion that a back squat allows, you have a greater risk of pulling your glutes, hamstrings, and quads. You also increase the demands on each muscle to contract and return to the starting position, which increases muscle activation and stimulates more muscle mass for growth.
You’ll use less weight with a front squat, while achieving a similar muscle activation with less stress to your joints.
Jacked Quads and a Yoke
There are two spots where the front squat is a notch above a back squat: quad and upper back development.
First, front squats are performed with a narrow, neutral foot stance compared to the wider, externally rotated position of the back squat.
This leads to less activation on the hamstrings and abductors, but increases demand on the quads. Take a look at the quads of any Olympic lifter and you’ll see what I mean: VMO development that would make any dude jealous.
Further, to hold bar position on the top of the shoulders, the elbows must stay perpendicular to the ground. Apologies for this upcoming anatomy bomb, but front squats require scapula and clavicle elevation along with an upward rotation to keep the elbows up and the bar in proper position. This requires the traps, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and lats to work in conjunction to hold position and prevent you from dumping the bar forward.
What all that means is that the front squat strengthens the muscles that are weak from keeling over your desk for 40+ hours a week.
The Squat Conundrum is Real, But I Have a Solution
Back squats are great, but most people suck at them and don’t have the time, knowledge, or patience to fix the underlying mobility and stability restrictions necessary to do them safely and effectively.
That’s why most of the time, I opt for front squats. For my athletes and busy execs, there’s less risk and a greater reward to keeping them healthy, athletic, and jacked.
