The Dominant Effector of Growth Hormone is Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-1). Now where Bodybuilding and Development is concerned, it is this IGF-1 that exerts the greatest influence on muscle tissue cell proliferation or to put it into layman’s terms........BUILDING MUSCLE!
Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), also known as Somatomedin C, is the Prevailing Response of Growth Hormone (GH) and is structurally homologous to Proinsulin. What is Proinsulin you ask, and the answer is intuitively simple in that Pro-Insulin is a substance produced in/and by the pancreas that is converted to Insulin.
Proinsulin is what your body needs in order to turn food into energy.
Human IGF-I is synthesized as two precursor isoforms with N- and alternative C‑terminal propeptides. These isoforms are differentially expressed by various tissues. The 7.6 kDa mature IGF‑I is identical between isoforms and is generated by proteolytic removal of the N- and C-terminal regions. Mature human IGF-I shares 94% and 96% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with the mouse and rat orthologs, respectively.
Growth Hormone (G.H.) stimulates the production of IGF-1 in the majority of tissues. Hepatocytes produce circulating IGF-I, while local IGF-I is produced by many other tissues in which it has paracrine effects.
Long R3 IGF-I (LR3 IGF-I) is a 9.2 kDa synthetic analog of IGF-I that is generated by modifying the aa sequence for mature human IGF-I.
These modifications include the substitution of an Arg for Glu at position 3 of the mature IGF-1 sequence and the addition of a thirteen aa N-terminal extension, which is derived from methionyl porcine Growth Hormone.
These aa changes generate a protein that is still capable of binding to IGF-I and Insulin receptors, but shows considerably lower affinity binding to IGFBPs compared to wild-type IGF-I.
As a result, LR3 IGF-I has an increased half-life and displays increased biological potency compared to IGF-I.
[FONT=verdana, futura, sans-serif]
Peptide Sciences or MuscleChemistry Abbreviation Guide Can Be Found Below When Referencing Amino Acid Sequences. Know How You Grow! Amino Acid BodyBuilding Blocks .
[/FONT]
[h=2]Amino Acids[/h][COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.792157)][FONT=museo_sans300]
[TABLE="class: simple_table, width: 896"]
[/TABLE]
[TABLE="class: tgroup rtable"]
<colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody align="left">[TR]
[TD="colspan: 3, align: left"]Proteinogenic Amino Acids[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Ala[/TD]
[TD]Alanine[/TD]
[TD]A[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Arg[/TD]
[TD]Arginine[/TD]
[TD]R[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Asn[/TD]
[TD]Asparagine[/TD]
[TD]N[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Asp[/TD]
[TD]Aspartic acid[/TD]
[TD]D[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Asx[/TD]
[TD]Asn or Asp[/TD]
[TD] [/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Cys[/TD]
[TD]Cysteine[/TD]
[TD]C[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Gln[/TD]
[TD]Glutamine[/TD]
[TD]Q[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Glu[/TD]
[TD]Glutamic acid[/TD]
[TD]E[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Glx[/TD]
[TD]Gln or Glu[/TD]
[TD] [/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Gly[/TD]
[TD]Glycine[/TD]
[TD]G[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]His[/TD]
[TD]Histidine[/TD]
[TD]H[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Ile[/TD]
[TD]Isoleucine[/TD]
[TD]I[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Leu[/TD]
[TD]Leucine[/TD]
[TD]L[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Lys[/TD]
[TD]Lysine[/TD]
[TD]K[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Met[/TD]
[TD]Methionine[/TD]
[TD]M[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Phe[/TD]
[TD]Phenylalanine[/TD]
[TD]F[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Pro[/TD]
[TD]Proline[/TD]
[TD]P[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Ser[/TD]
[TD]Serine[/TD]
[TD]S[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Thr[/TD]
[TD]Threonine[/TD]
[TD]T[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Trp[/TD]
[TD]Tryptophan[/TD]
[TD]W[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Tyr[/TD]
[TD]Tyrosine[/TD]
[TD]Y[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Val[/TD]
[TD]Valine[/TD]
[TD]V[/TD]
[/TR]
</tbody>[/TABLE]
[/FONT][/COLOR]
Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), also known as Somatomedin C, is the Prevailing Response of Growth Hormone (GH) and is structurally homologous to Proinsulin. What is Proinsulin you ask, and the answer is intuitively simple in that Pro-Insulin is a substance produced in/and by the pancreas that is converted to Insulin.
Proinsulin is what your body needs in order to turn food into energy.
Human IGF-I is synthesized as two precursor isoforms with N- and alternative C‑terminal propeptides. These isoforms are differentially expressed by various tissues. The 7.6 kDa mature IGF‑I is identical between isoforms and is generated by proteolytic removal of the N- and C-terminal regions. Mature human IGF-I shares 94% and 96% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with the mouse and rat orthologs, respectively.
Growth Hormone (G.H.) stimulates the production of IGF-1 in the majority of tissues. Hepatocytes produce circulating IGF-I, while local IGF-I is produced by many other tissues in which it has paracrine effects.
- IGF-I induces the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of a wide variety of cell types during development and postnatally.
- IGF-I regulates glucose, fatty acid, and protein metabolism, steroid hormone activity, and cartilage and bone metabolism .
- IGF-I plays an important role in muscle regeneration progression.
- IGF-I binds IGF-I R, IGF-II R, and the Insulin Receptor, although its effects are mediated primarily by IGF-I R .
- IGF-I also binds with strong affinity to IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), which regulate the availability and biological activities of IGF-I.
Long R3 IGF-I (LR3 IGF-I) is a 9.2 kDa synthetic analog of IGF-I that is generated by modifying the aa sequence for mature human IGF-I.
These modifications include the substitution of an Arg for Glu at position 3 of the mature IGF-1 sequence and the addition of a thirteen aa N-terminal extension, which is derived from methionyl porcine Growth Hormone.
These aa changes generate a protein that is still capable of binding to IGF-I and Insulin receptors, but shows considerably lower affinity binding to IGFBPs compared to wild-type IGF-I.
As a result, LR3 IGF-I has an increased half-life and displays increased biological potency compared to IGF-I.
- Oh Now I Know:
- Arg being Arginine (when referenced in differences between IGF-1 & IGF-1 LongR3)
- Glu being Glutamic acid ( (when referenced in differences between IGF-1 & IGF-1 LongR3)
- Growth Hormone can be thought of as a Precursor to IGF-1, and IGF-1 LongR3.
- Proper Name:
Insulin-like Growth Factor I
- Gene Identifications:
3479 (Human); 16000 (Mouse); 24482 (Rat)
- Alternate Names:
IBP1; IGF1; IGF-1; IGF1A; IGFI; IGF-I; IGF-IA; IGF-IB; insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C); insulin-like growth factor 1; insulin-like growth factor I; insulin-like growth factor IA; insulin-like growth factor IB; Mechano growth factor; MGF; Somatomedin A; Somatomedin C; somatomedin-C
[FONT=verdana, futura, sans-serif]
Peptide Sciences or MuscleChemistry Abbreviation Guide Can Be Found Below When Referencing Amino Acid Sequences. Know How You Grow! Amino Acid BodyBuilding Blocks .
[/FONT]
[h=2]Amino Acids[/h][COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.792157)][FONT=museo_sans300]
[TABLE="class: simple_table, width: 896"]
[/TABLE]
[TABLE="class: tgroup rtable"]
<colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><tbody align="left">[TR]
[TD="colspan: 3, align: left"]Proteinogenic Amino Acids[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Ala[/TD]
[TD]Alanine[/TD]
[TD]A[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Arg[/TD]
[TD]Arginine[/TD]
[TD]R[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Asn[/TD]
[TD]Asparagine[/TD]
[TD]N[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Asp[/TD]
[TD]Aspartic acid[/TD]
[TD]D[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Asx[/TD]
[TD]Asn or Asp[/TD]
[TD] [/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Cys[/TD]
[TD]Cysteine[/TD]
[TD]C[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Gln[/TD]
[TD]Glutamine[/TD]
[TD]Q[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Glu[/TD]
[TD]Glutamic acid[/TD]
[TD]E[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Glx[/TD]
[TD]Gln or Glu[/TD]
[TD] [/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Gly[/TD]
[TD]Glycine[/TD]
[TD]G[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]His[/TD]
[TD]Histidine[/TD]
[TD]H[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Ile[/TD]
[TD]Isoleucine[/TD]
[TD]I[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Leu[/TD]
[TD]Leucine[/TD]
[TD]L[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Lys[/TD]
[TD]Lysine[/TD]
[TD]K[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Met[/TD]
[TD]Methionine[/TD]
[TD]M[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Phe[/TD]
[TD]Phenylalanine[/TD]
[TD]F[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Pro[/TD]
[TD]Proline[/TD]
[TD]P[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Ser[/TD]
[TD]Serine[/TD]
[TD]S[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Thr[/TD]
[TD]Threonine[/TD]
[TD]T[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Trp[/TD]
[TD]Tryptophan[/TD]
[TD]W[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Tyr[/TD]
[TD]Tyrosine[/TD]
[TD]Y[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Val[/TD]
[TD]Valine[/TD]
[TD]V[/TD]
[/TR]
</tbody>[/TABLE]
[/FONT][/COLOR]