Tag: anabolic steroids

Bodybuilders Are Dying: An Investigation Into Modern Bodybuilding, Health, & PED Use

Bodybuilding, steroids, and untimely deaths: is there a link? And what can be done?
In 2021, the bodybuilding and fitness community lost 21 dedicated bodybuilders. It became one of the darkest times in bodybuilding history and sparked outrage in the bodybuilding community. At the center of the conversation was focused on steroid use, despite the fact that some of these deaths were noted as a result of non-steroid related issues.
People want answers. In fact, people are demanding answers. Athletes are concerned about their health and safety as they seek to compete on the biggest stages in the world. Many believe full well that in order to compete, they must use PEDs to keep up with the best. Fans and those enthralled with bodybuilding are praying and hoping that this devastating trend ceases to continue.
But are these incidents connected? Is there a common denominator proving banned substances such as steroids are to blame?  Or is this a series of unrelated deaths blown out of proportion by media reports and social media posts?
We at Generation Iron started conducting our own research in direct response to these deaths to figure out what exactly is happening. But it hasn’t been easy. The challenge in researching and writing this piece was evident from the start with many individuals declining to talk about the topic. The lack of transparency was enough to make us dig deeper. With steroid use being a taboo subject in bodybuilding, as well as sports in general, many individuals embedded in the industry were not willing to come forward.

Most recently, the bodybuilding community lost another young bodybuilder. Bostin Loyd was just 29-years old when he passed and was the first competitive bodybuilder to openly reveal his steroid cycle. Throughout his short career, he was very open about his steroid use and that his body served as a testing ground to see just how far he could push his body for results.
While in some respects this is an extreme example, Loyd’s tragic passing isn’t an isolated incident in a vacuum. Here is a list of bodybuilders we’ve lost in the recent months. While not all of their deaths are related to drug use, they were still members of this great sport and should be remembered as such:

Bostin Loyd (29)
Isaac Ghavidel (35)
Tom Prince (52)
Shawn Rhoden (46)
George Peterson (37)
Dallas McCarver (26)
Chris Dickerson (82)
John Meadows (49)
Dave Draper (79)
Matt Mendenhall (61)
Andy Haman (55)
Jennifer Hernandez (58)
Megan Elizabeth (28)
Phil Hernon (55)
Billy Smith (56)
Jenny Lynn (49)
Laura Bass (49)
Melissa Coates (50)
Alena Kosinova (46)
Rhonda Lee Quaresma (52)
Michael Their (50)

The risks of using performance enhancing drugs are incredibly high, yet we still find ourselves continuing these conversations. In fairness to bodybuilding, this epidemic of steroid use has plagued other institutions of sport for a long time. Most notably we can look at Lance Armstrong and the cycling community, baseball and their unprecedented team of sluggers sending the ball into oblivion, and the Russian doping scandal as showcased in the documentary, Icarus.
Bodybuilding is a part of health and fitness, but to be competitive, it can be seen as an extreme sport. With this often comes the use of steroids and other compounds such as Deca, Tren, insulin and diuretics, among others. Most competitors rarely openly talk about using such compounds, for not only is this subject taboo, but it is also illegal in the United States and other parts of the world. This makes it extremely challenging to create a real study and proper research. Without this deeper research, it also becomes harder to have transparent conversations that could lead to necessary changes.
But change very well might be coming. Owner and promoter of Olympia, Jake Wood, made his goals clear after the passing of female bodybuilder and competitor, Alena Kosinova. In a social media post, Wood said:
“I am not one for empty words. Instead of making posts I’m making changes…We agreed that conditioning is over emphasized in the judging criteria and something must be done. I will push for change in all divisions”.
Woods was, “…just dumbfounded by the meaning of this and am determined to prevent it in the future”. And with that, maybe change will come. After dedicated time and research, we have put together an in-depth investigation into bodybuilding, PED use, and heath – hoping to draw a connection, or possibly prove a disconnection, between the recent deaths and the habits found in our sport. Let’s start first by breaking down some key and public information about common PEDs used in bodybuilding.

Steroids: What They Are, How They’re Made & More
Anabolic-androgenic steroids are essentially man-made forms of testosterone. A vital sex hormone predominantly in men, testosterone is involved with everything from muscle growth and increased strength, enhanced libido and sperm production, and tone of voice, body hair, and other bodily functions. Taking a testosterone enhancer would clearly elevate all of these so you see greater gains to strength and overall muscle development (1,2).
Steroid use didn’t just quickly become popular. It was a slow burn until athletes began to fully understand how these drugs could take them to the next level. Once discovered, the use of steroids became common place and it wasn’t a question of if you were using, but how much.
Ergogenic effects of steroid use include an increase in muscle mass, decreased body fat percentage, better recovery between workouts and from injury, more muscle endurance, higher bone mineral density, increased glycogen stores, and better pain tolerance, among many others (1,3).
It’s clear why athletes would use steroids. To look at the above benefits and still question why a dedicated and determined athlete would put themselves in harm’s way would make one naïve. All of those are what an athlete wants. That’s what we all want. And if your competitor is doing the same thing and beating you, then you probably don’t stand a chance unless you join them.

Dianabol
When discussing anabolic steroids, one common name you will see is Dianabol. Like most steroids, Dianabol increases testosterone to promote muscle growth while burning fat. This is done by improving nitrogen retention and promoting the production of testosterone. This steroid was first available in pill form, which made it more desirable over injectable options. Dianabol hits a user hard in the first six weeks as they see greater muscle mass and decreased recovery times.
Dianabol was one of the early steroids to be sold commercially. It was created by an American doctor and hit the market in 1958. Once the results were seen, the steroid became popular among bodybuilders and other athletes. Even non-athletes were dabbling to see some changes in physique (4).
Trenbolone
Trenbolone acetate is another well-known steroid that is used to increase size. This is a steroid that has been known to be about four times as powerful as testosterone. The benefit is that it works synergistically with testosterone and other steroids that might be taken.
In many countries, this is a legal product but requires a prescription to acquire. Tren is commonly used for veterinary purposes, and when combined with other aspects, Tren helps grow healthy livestock. It became popular with bodybuilders because of the way it works with other supplements. At the same time, this steroid comes with some other major risks because of the strain it puts on the athlete.
One study notes that a 23-year-old bodybuilder was hospitalized with a myocardial infarction due to Trenbolone use. This athlete had a heart attack, and he was using Trenbolone for over a year (5).
Deca Durabolin
Deca is an injectable steroid used with other stacking compounds and is highly effective for off-season gains. Since it is slow-acting, it is commonly stacked with things like Dianabol in efforts to increase muscle fullness and add thickness. However, using Deca can cause a host of side effects including changes in libido, water retention and swelling, and mood disorders. Most notably, Deca can affect the liver, heart, and kidneys leading to damage and increased oxidative stress (6).

Health Risks Associated With Steroid Use
For so many of us, we understand the use of anabolic steroids is harmful. But given the fact that research is limited and that pushing a study across to test on humans is virtually impossible, we must rely on users to report what is happening.
One study notes that:
“…most of the investigations concerning medical issues associated with anabolic steroid administration have been performed on athletes self-administering the drugs. Anecdotally, it appears that a disproportionate magnitude of use and incidence of adverse effects are evident in bodybuilders (who are also known for consuming several other drugs that relieve some side effects but potentiate other risk factors as well, i.e. diuretics, thyroid hormones, insulin, anti-estrogens, etc.) compared to strength/power athletes” (1).
Fairly alarming that this study is calling out bodybuilders and noting that, in fact, bodybuilders use PEDs and are at greater risk of the side effects than other strength and power athletes. This is on top of the countless athletes who are not bodybuilders or strength athletes using such enhancements. The stacking that occurs may increase gains and overall performance but think of the flip side; it is also increasing the risk, and at an exponential rate.
Some of the reported side effects of anabolic steroid use include things like elevated blood pressure, decreased myocardial function, testicular atrophy, reduced sperm count, libido changes, acne, baldness, increased liver damage, and psychological issues like mania, depression, and mood swings (1). And yet, the apparent benefits of performing at a high level seem to outweigh all of the potential harm a user is doing to their body.

To look further into the side effects, let’s get more specific as to how steroids affect certain bodily functions, especially cardiovascular health. Either through fact or speculation, many of these bodybuilder deaths are being associated with heart attack or other factors related to the heart and cardiovascular function.
In terms of cardiovascular health, users may experience elevations in blood pressure and are greater risk of thrombosis (blood clots), severely putting their cardiovascular health at risk (3,7). To complicate things further for the anabolic user, if an underlying condition exists, using will put one at an even greater risk of cardiovascular disease, and studies have shown that anabolic steroid injections are associated with developing such disease (1,8).
While cardiovascular risks are massive and certainly play a major role into the harm users put on themselves, those anabolic users are also at greater risk of liver tumors since the liver becomes the main point of steroid clearance (1). Liver cancer and other diseases associated with the liver have also been reported with the subjects primarily being bodybuilders (9,10). Time and time again, it seems that bodybuilders and other strength athletes are the subjects of these tests.
While athletes and others who use suffer greatly with their physical health, the psychological effects are not ones to ignore either. Whether it be aggression, irritability, depression, or manic episodes, users are put at a much greater risk of seeing psychological and cognitive change as a result (1). One can put the argument forth that aggression may be useful for sport, putting that energy into their respective playing field to be the absolute best. But what about outside of that? How this affects family and friends, those close to them, and others who may come in contact has serious consequences if these psychological changes go unchecked.
Finally, let’s look at long term use. The repercussions of using time and time again, seeing the degradation play out over years. Those who use suffer serious consequences and long term anabolic steroid use can lead to such problems like, “…suppressed testosterone production, liver dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, testicular atrophy, male-pattern baldness, acne, and aggressive behavior.
If the supplements are taken before puberty, premature closing of the epiphysis and stunted growth could occur. In women, precursor-induced increases in testosterone concentrations could cause lowered voice pitch, hirsutism (changes in hair growth patterns, including facial hair), increased abdominal fat accumulation, and general virilization. Furthermore, increases in estrogen concentrations experienced by men could have feminizing effects, including gynecomastia” (1,8,11).
It should be noted that there is no direct set of rules for how these effects may manifest. Not all users may suffer from psychological effects or at the very last may not notice them. For physical effects, not all people will experience the same outcomes in the same way. This is just like how one lifetime cigarette smoker may live to be 90 years old and another may die of lung cancer at 50. No health outcome can be dealt with in absolutes – but studies show these outcomes to be very real indeed.
The health risks of using are not to be taken lightly. Both short term and long-term issues most certainly contribute in declining health and immediate causes related to cardiovascular and other important functions in the body. To leave these unchecked can have dire results on physical and cognitive health with the potential to take lives. So, does the reward outweigh the risk?
Steroids Side Effects Summed Up
Now that we’ve covered extensively the harm in using anabolic steroids and other PEDs, the overall side effects and harm caused by steroid use includes:

Elevated blood pressure
Decreased myocardial function
Testicular Atrophy
Thrombosis (blood clots)
Reduced sperm count
Changes in libido
Acne
Baldness
Increased liver damage
Psychological issues (mania, depression, mood swings, aggression, irritability, etc.)

So how does all of this information fit into the world of competitive bodybuilding? And what real world examples can we use to compare to the data? As we have mentioned before, the legal status of many of these drugs makes most information anecdotal. In addition to this, many of the athletes who have passed in bodybuilding have not undergone an autopsy.
However, a small minority of those who have passed did produce autopsy reports. In this next section, we take a closer look at the information that has been made public regarding bodybuilder deaths in the sport.
Photo via @dallasmccarver Instagram
A Closer Look At Dallas McCarver
Dallas McCarver was an incredibly hardworking and dedicated bodybuilder who many thought could one day win Mr. Olympia. His winning attitude and unparalleled work ethic allowed him the opportunity to work with REDCON1 and build an amazing relationship with its founder, Aaron Singerman.
In a Generation Iron Exclusive interview, Singerman told us that Dallas was, “…one hell of a good guy and an extremely important person for this business [REDCON1]”. He also talked about how Dallas became part of not only the RECON1 family, but also his own family and that losing Dallas is extremely difficult.

As fate would have it, Singerman was officially sentenced to 4.5 years in prison for selling anabolic steroids and other unlawful controlled substances marketed as dietary supplements. On top of this prison term, he will also be required to pay $2.9 million dollars for his involvement. This case revolves around Blackstone Labs, a former company of Singerman’s unrelated to REDCON1. We would be remiss for not mentioning this here for full transparency.
Dallas was just 26-years old when he passed away and his death sent shockwaves through the bodybuilding community. An autopsy was done and made public and while the manner of death was deemed natural, the coroner made a point to list chronic use of exogenous steroid and non-steroid hormones as contributing conditions.

The cause of death as listed by the coroner was severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with coronary artery atherosclerosis. Left ventricular hypertrophy is when the muscle wall of the left pumping chamber becomes thickened. As a result, blood flow and blood pumping are severely reduced. This can lead to heart attack or sudden cardiac death (20). Along with this, coronary artery atherosclerosis was mentioned. This is a disease where there is an accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the large arteries and is a primary cause of heart disease and stroke (21).
It was reported in the autopsy that Dallas has a family history of early-onset atherosclerosis and hypertension (high blood pressure). Here is where this debate gets complicated. Family history and potential underlying factors can pop up at any time. With contributing conditions of steroid use prevalent as well, stating that steroid use caused his death is not entirely accurate. But given the evidence of steroid use and its effects on cardiovascular health, it is certainly in the conversation, for Dallas was young and very fit.
Anabolic steroid use can increase concentric left ventricular hypertrophy without affecting cardiac function (22), giving the athlete no sign that such issue is occurring. Another study found that bodybuilding together with anabolic steroids induced concentric hypertrophy and altered the ventricular diastolic function (23). When it comes to coronary atherosclerosis, it was found that performance enhancing drugs could accelerate this and that anabolic steroid use was associated with increased coronary plaque volume (24, 25).
With Dallas’ autopsy made public, it is easy to dive in and speculate as to what exactly happened. The evidence can imply that steroid use was a contributing factor, however, his family history cannot be neglected. At the end of the day, a young and talented bodybuilder is no longer able to compete, his family is no longer able to see him succeed with what he loves, and the bodybuilding community has lost someone bringing positive attention to the sport.
It’s entirely possible that steroids contributed to his hereditary history of cardiovascular issues. It’s this kind of health history that must be considered by all athletes, weightlifters, and dedicated fitness enthusiasts when adding PEDs into the picture as well. A direct conclusion cannot be made here – but this information should be a major focus for all athletes considering drug use in athletic activity.
Photo via @georgep_dabull Instagram
A Closer Look At George Peterson
George Peterson was a professional bodybuilder in the Classic Physique division. Like Dallas McCarver, he was dedicated and determined in his own right to become a champion and someone admired in the bodybuilding community. However, that chance was cut short when the 37-year old bodybuilder was found dead on October 6, 2021.
His death touched many in the bodybuilding community as competitors and fans alike took to social media to pay their respects. Chris Bumstead, Olympia champion and fellow Classic Physique competitor, posted to Instagram saying. “I appreciate you pushing me on stage and being a man to look up to both on and off the stage. Humble and hardworking at its finest”.
At just 37-years old, the coroner found the cause of death to be sudden cardiac dysrhythmia as a result of hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Anabolic steroid use was a contributory factory, with boldenone and stanozolol named specifically.

Sudden cardiac dysrhythmia is an abnormal rhythm of your heartbeat, either faster or slower than normal rate. If the heart cannot pump enough oxygenated blood to either itself or the rest of the body, this can become deadly (26). The autopsy notes that this irregular rhythm was due to hypertensive cardiovascular disease, which ultimately is high blood pressure and the increased pressure inside blood vessels forcing the heart to work harder. Therefore, by the heart working harder to get blood in and out, on top of increased pressure, this dysrhythmia occurred and became lethal.
On top of the cause of death, cardiomegaly was also noted which is where the heart becomes enlarged and much bigger than normal size along with ventricular hypertrophy, which was discussed with Dallas McCarver. This was when the muscle wall of the left chamber becomes so thick that pumping blood through can be challenging and the volume may be severely reduced.
The two anabolic steroids listed in the autopsy were boldenone and stanozolol. Boldenone is a synthetic derivative of testosterone designed for veterinary use before making the jump to athletics. This is used to increase muscle and strength by stimulating protein synthesis (27). Potential risks associated with boldenone are decreased testosterone production, lower sperm count, and lower sperm mobility.
A study conducted on rabbits looked into the effects boldenone had on oxidative stress and the outcomes on muscular tissues in respect to bodybuilding and the use of boldenone in the sport. It was found that those who suffer muscle damage, heart disease, and myocardial hypertrophy could see the link from injecting drugs like boldenone to build muscle (28).

Stanozolol is one of the most frequently abused anabolic androgenic steroids by professionals and amateurs and is a derivative of testosterone with high androgenic properties (29). Anabolic androgenic steroids, like stanozolol, do have a link to hypertension in some studies, however, other studies refute this notion, so a solid conclusion between stanozolol and hypertension remains unclear (30).
As for cardiac hypertrophy, athletes who tend to use anabolic androgenic steroids for long term use, when mixed with high-intensity training, can run the risk of cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and heart failure. Peterson’s autopsy noted the cause of death as sudden cardiac dysrhythmia, which was an irregular heart beat of either too fast or slow where it becomes difficult for the heart to bring in oxygenated blood. The use of anabolic androgenic steroids has been linked to fatal ventricular arrhythmias as well as ventricular hypertrophy (31), two issues noted in the autopsy report.
As discussed with Dallas McCarver, to say that steroids caused George Peterson’s death without a medical background would be irresponsible. However, knowing what we know about the risks of anabolic androgenic steroids, seeing the report which notes steroids as a contributory factor, and linking the cause of death with noted studies surrounding the effects of steroids on certain cardiac issues like sudden cardiac dysrhythmia and hypertensive cardiovascular disease, we can shed light on the seriousness surrounding the abuse of these drugs and the fatal consequences they have towards users.
A Closer Look At Bostin Loyd
Bostin Loyd was just 29-years old when he passed away on February 25, 2022. While his cause of death is not official, he has a long and open history of steroid and other PED use that has contributed to his controversial position in the sport. Loyd was very honest about how he used his body as a testing ground to see just what results would show and he continued to push his body further than what a usual pro bodybuilder would do. In 2020, he received a diagnosis of kidney failure and did not shy away from talking about this as well.
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There are two ways to view Loyd and his openness about his own steroid use. The first is that he is bringing to light an issue in bodybuilding that no one really wants to talk about. However, he did go to more of the extreme than other bodybuilders, so this argument may not hold up as well given that his routine and cycling was not the norm.
The other view is that his opinions and outspoken nature around steroid use were damaging to the sport. Many saw steroid abusers as a liability, giving a negative stigma to the sport and revealing something that has traditionally been kept quiet. More evidence lends credence to this argument given the fact that Loyd was so open about exposing the fact his body was a testing ground of sorts. This experiment with his body, and ultimately his life, was not something normal bodybuilders do, yet if this makes the top headlines, then perception doesn’t often reflect the truth.
As is usually the case – we cannot say definitively that steroid use cause Loyd’s death. Despite his opinions and openness about using, plus his death at such a young age, it would only be speculation. Given his long history of use, along with his medical history, the use of steroids is unfortunately going to be a topic of conversation when Loyd and his manner of death is discussed.

Why Someone Would Use Steroids
What do all these athletes have in common? Despite the risks, why do athletes continue to use? The psychology of steroid use is not something to take lightly for behind every athlete, every bodybuilder, there is a brain making decisions, convincing the athlete that steroids are a necessary option.
The obvious answer is to reach the top. “Performance enhancing” is simply the idea of giving oneself the ability to reach new heights and peak performance to take the body into levels not possible naturally. The end goal: to win. Despite all risks, all possible health complications, little regard is given when one’s goal is to be the most competitive and see the best results regardless of their athletic pursuits (12). We as humans are competitive by nature and that competitive drive transcends sport and infiltrates all areas of society. But sport is an easy example, a physical example, where the human body is pushed to the limit in efforts to prove oneself superior to other athletes.
However, aside from the physical results of a top podium spot, when it came to bodybuilding, one study notes that:
“Bodybuilders reported significantly greater body dissatisfaction, with a high drive for bulk, high drive for thinness, and increased bulimic tendencies than either of the other athletic groups [runners and martial artists]”, with, “…the greatest use of anabolic steroids and most liberal attitudes towards using steroids” (13).
This idea of aesthetic and dissatisfaction can be attributed to many factors, especially with so many people on social media flaunting these massive physiques. Body image and issues with appearance were clear and the results proved that bodybuilders had a higher risk for body image disturbance and other psychological characteristics that would cause one to use steroids (13).
With one’s drive to win and the idea around body image and perception, it is no wonder why athletes turn to steroids and performance enhancing drugs for that extra boost. But if confidence and results are driven by something so high risk, it would seem that the foundation of an athletes’ mindset isn’t strong enough to depart from what works, even if what “works” could cost them their life.

What The Experts Say
Experts, both with advanced degrees and not, have studied, researched, and tirelessly worked to get information and factual evidence to back the claim that steroid use is a serious issue and one worth paying attention to.
Jerry Brainum is a former bodybuilder and longtime industry expert having written for, or been editor for, several health and fitness publications in his 35-year career. The author of Natural Anabolics, Brainum has worked diligently to push information about the dangers of steroid use while promoting natural and drug-free bodybuilding. He is also a regular for Generation Iron with his series Straight Facts, where Brainum shares his expert knowledge and opinions on all things bodybuilding.

In a most recent episode, Brainum addressed the issue of if bodybuilders are dying more than the average person. What he notes is that bodybuilders, on average, are dying at a rate of 12.6%, where the average male is around 13.5%, because of steroid use. This is centered around the thought that bodybuilders live a healthier lifestyle overall in terms of diet, training, and legit supplementation, thus giving their bodies the ability to handle a larger steroid load.
However, despite these findings, bodybuilders of the past have proved to live longer than those of today. Those bodybuilders of the 1940’s and 1950’s lived well into their 70’s and 80’s, with some living even longer, despite using steroids. Many factors could contribute to this including potency and black market drugs.
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Before we continue, let’s narrow in on black market steroids. The problem with these drugs is that a black market network is clearly unregulated, with quality control being one of the biggest problems. With many of these raw materials coming from China, users have no idea what is included in the actual substance (Jerry notes one bodybuilder took steroids containing arsenic).
As a result, incorrect dosing, mismatched labels, and what the actual ingredients of that substance are remain either unknown or are flat out wrong (14, 15). A great example of an obvious black market drug is Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). A very expensive drug legally, any time IGF-1 appears for a cheap price, it should be a tell-tale sign of suspicious activity. Despite the apparent obvious risks of black market drugs, athletes fail to heed these warnings and continue to purchase poor quality, and often times lethal, drugs.
In our exclusive with Brainum, he notes a study where 60 deceased bodybuilders were examined. Some of these deaths were attributed to causes unrelated to steroids (suicide, certain cancers, and unspecified natural deaths). However, 25 of these 60 died of cardiovascular related events including heart attack, aneurisms, and heart failure. A number of them had calcium build-up in their arteries that when combined with drug use, can lead to premature heart attack and other heart complications.
Another notable finding was kidney problems leading to multiple organ failure as a result of a chain reaction that takes place. When one organ fails, others are likely to follow. With kidney-related deaths at a relatively high 10%, Brainum attributes this to the use of diuretics (16), which can have dire effects towards the kidneys. Liver damage was another finding that could be attributed to oral anabolic steroid use. These drugs accumulate in the liver leading to cholestasis, which causes bile to build up in the liver and destroy liver cells (17).
Brainum was very candid with his thoughts on bodybuilding and was open to the fact that many of these bodybuilders entrust their steroid cycling routine to those coaches and “experts” who train and prep them for competitions. With little medical background, athletes are coached on anecdotal evidence with nothing based in science given that doctors don’t know enough about PED’s. A drug routine worked for one bodybuilder so it must work for another. Wrong. Everyone is different and reacts differently to such drugs, especially with underlying conditions that may be unknown.
With no medical monitoring, these gurus and self-appointed experts must hold some responsibility, and with actual medical doctors not keen on the exact risks of using such drugs, a vicious cycle begins: A steroid is given to a bodybuilder by a guru, something bad happens to the bodybuilder as a result, a real doctor doesn’t know enough about it to help, and our trusty guru doesn’t have the medical background to do anything further.
Dr. Thomas O’Connor, also known as the Anabolic Doc, is the creator of Testosteronology, a sub-specialty of Internal Medicine. His mission is to help those get off anabolic steroids safely while using his medical practice to improve the quality of life for those seeking to protect their health. His medical services include Testosterone Replacement Therapy, Anabolic Recovery Medicine, and Cardio-Metabolic Men’s Health.
Dr. O’Connor notes that athletes need two things to compete in bodybuilding; great genetics and steroids. For those looking to compete at a high level, steroids are just common place. However, all professional bodybuilders suffer at some point in their life from steroid use. While problems don’t necessarily arise immediately, down the line you will start to see various issues arise. Various factors that contribute to the effects of steroids include underlying conditions, how many steroids you are taking, what else you might be taking on top of anabolic steroids that could interact poorly, and mental state, most notably things like anxiety and depression (18). The most common diseases seen are those of the heart and major organs, like the kidneys and liver.
To make matters worse, bodybuilders suffer from steroids quietly, those issues covered extensively in this piece weighing on their minds as they seek to be the absolute best. Top bodybuilders have the best genetics and lifestyle habits, in terms of diet and training, but the toll steroid abuse takes transcends all else. Dr. O’Connor makes this clear and is confident in saying:
“We don’t know. Now, these men suffer quietly. I know, because who comes to see me? They come to see me and they tell me the truth with their wife, their children, their mothers. And there’s a lot of tears. Because they have heart disease and kidney disease. And they have psychiatric disease”.
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Dr. O’Connor sees the effects of this first hand and while his methods of treatment are effective and his medical knowledge is put to use as best it can to help those suffering, the physical and mental toll has already laid claim to the lives of these competitors. And for that, what can be done becomes more and more unclear as each day goes by.
Seeing the effects of steroids as Dr. O’Connor cycles athletes off, there are key side effects to note. Decreased sexual performance is a big problem and can be tied to depression, weak and lethargic feelings, among others. Since steroids significantly increase sex drive and overall sexual function, this is easily flipped when cycling off (19). And while it is incredibly difficult to undergo a steroid detox, this is something of great importance to Dr. O’Connor who time and time meets with those suffering the unfortunate effects of anabolic steroid use.
A possible solution, brought forth by Jerry Brainum, is to legalize steroids and implement better monitoring of these athletes. Extensive tests like heart scans and calcium checks should be regularly performed and if a lab test comes back indicating that an athlete is at risk, then they must back off and address their physical health. Not only does this keep the athlete safe, but it brings awareness to a troubled sport while taking down a poor-quality black market.

Conclusion
We as humans are competitive by nature. We love to be the best. The thrill of competition, the values learned through sport, and the family bond that unites athletes together can be construed as unbreakable. But steroid use and the idea around performance enhancing drugs can easily break that bond. To use an external substance to find success will never lead to true success. And more, the risks of using such drugs can have devastating consequences on your life and the lives of those around you.
There are three key factors that can contribute to dangers in using PEDs for bodybuilding and other athletic endeavors:

There are many studies that emphasize the long term health effects and risks associated with steroids use.
Due to being illegal in many major countries, resorting to black market sales of substances brings in an added risk as the user never really knows what they are purchasing.
Many athletes receive advice or “protocols” on steroid and PED use from coaches who are not certified doctors – using only anecdotal evidence based on past individual experiences. But each body can react differently due to a a wide variety of factors such as family health history, genetic predispositions, and more.

None of these three factors can verifiably prove that steroid or other PED use will lead to the untimely death of an individual. But they do provide evidence in a growing case against the very real risks in drug use for bodybuilders.
Bodybuilders work so hard to create the perfect routine, the perfect physique in efforts to be a near perfect physical being. But as giants that walk among us, too many are dying with no one held accountable. To change the attitude around this sport will require diligence from everyone and as fans, coaches, promoters, and competitors alike, it is our job to create that change. If we don’t, more people will lose their lives. And more of those bodybuilding giants we love will most certainly fall.

Let us know what you think in the comments below. Also, be sure to follow Generation Iron on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. 
*Images courtesy of Dallas McCarver Instagram, George Peterson Instagram, and Envato
References

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