Tag: workout
How To Perform The Landmine Press
The Landmine Press: A Unique Unilateral Exercise For Building Shoulder Strength
While the landmine press is not your conventional type of resistance exercise, it has the potential to develop serious shoulder strength.Considering that the exercise is a unilateral exercise, it may also allow you to eliminate any asymmetries that exist and generally promote shoulder health and function.This article will demonstrate how to perform the landmine press as well as providing detail on the benefits of incorporating the exercise into your training program.
Landmine Press Technique & Muscles Worked
While you may be aware of common shoulder strengthening exercises such as the overhead press, shrugs, and rows, the landmine press is not so well known.The exercise involves the use of a barbell and a landmine holder. The landmine holder is a device that holds one end of the barbell and allows for 360-degree movement.If you do not have access to a landmine holder, find a stable base to place the barbell against (such as the corner of a room).
With one end of the barbell in the holder, the other end of the barbell should be held in one hand. The bar is then pressed through the engagement of the shoulder and arm muscles.
The muscles that are primarily involved in the press are the deltoids and triceps.The deltoids in the shoulder must concentrically contract to bring about extension at the arm whereas the triceps powerfully contract to extend the elbow joint. Due to the fact that the exercise is unilateral, there are a number of scapular stabilizing muscles that are heavily involved in controlling the movement (1).Furthermore, the oblique muscles must also contract to hold the spine in a neutrally aligned position and also prevent any rotation through the trunk.To perform the landmine press, work through the following five steps:Step One: Place the barbell into the landmine and add weight to the other end of the bar (if required).Step Two: With the barbell in contact with the floor, set-up directly behind it. Kneel down and place on the right foot out in front of the body and keep the left knee in contact with the floor. Step Three: Lift the barbell from the floor and place it in the left hand, holding it just in front of the shoulder.Step Four: Before pressing, lift the chest and brace the core tight. Press the bar up and out until you have fully extended at the elbows before returning to the starting position.Step Five: Upon completion of the reps on the left, swap sides and repeat.
Three Benefits of the Landmine Press
While there are a large number of benefits associated with the landmine press, this section will highlight three of the biggest benefits that you should be aware of.
1) Improved Core Stability
While improving pressing strength may be a fairly obvious benefit, improved core stability may not be the first benefit that comes to mind. As a result of the kneeling position and the angle of the press, the core has to work incredibly hard to stabilize the body as the bar is pressed.Therefore, by performing the landmine press frequently you can expect to see an increase in core stability and anti-rotational strength.Having a strong and stable core is highly important for all athletes and lifters who are lifting heavy weights or move weight overhead regularly as it can significantly reduce injury risk and facilitate performance (2).
2) Enhanced Scapular Control
For those who perform overhead movements (like snatches, jerks, & overhead squats), it is imperative that you have efficient scapular control. Having poor scapular control will not only hinder performance but may increase the risk of sustaining a serious shoulder injury. The landmine press is a superb resistance exercise that can significantly improve scapular control.This is primarily due to the angle of the press which highly activates shoulder stabilizers and is quite unlike the majority of other pressing exercises.
3) Increased Pressing Strength
Building strength in the deltoids and triceps will vastly improve the amount of weight that you can press. Therefore, the landmine press can be effectively programmed to improve pressing strength.
It’s also a highly functional exercise as, not only can it increase pressing strength, it can allow us to address any strength imbalances that exist between the shoulders.Furthermore, the combination of improved core stability and scapular control will lead to a more efficient pressing motion.By enhancing movement efficiency, you will also see a substantial improvement in your pressing abilities (3).
Who Should Perform the Landmine Press?
The following section provides detail on the benefits of the landmine press for specific goals and abilities.
1) Strength & Power Athletes
For those who perform overhead exercises, the landmine is an excellent accessory exercise that may help to improve overhead strength, stability, and rectify any existing imbalances.Weightlifters may find the landmine press to be particularly useful for improving snatch and jerk performance whereas powerlifters may experience improvement with their bench press.It may also be useful for those who have limitations when performing an overhead press or for those who are recovering from a shoulder injury.The angle involved in the landmine press may reduce the stress placed on the shoulder joint and consequently allow the lifter to continue to develop their pressing abilities without any issues.
2) Functional Athletes
Those who participate in sports like CrossFit may also find the landmine press to be beneficial to their performance.As highlighted in the earlier section, the landmine press develops many components of fitness – strength, stability, and movement.Therefore, incorporating the landmine press into your training is highly recommended as it will bring about a range of functional adaptations.
3) General Fitness
For general shoulder health and function, the landmine press is one of the best exercises that you can do.It may be particularly beneficial for beginner lifts as not only will it build shoulder strength and stability, it may also help to reinforce good pressing mechanics.As touched on briefly, the landmine press may also be useful for those who are suffering with limitations as the bar is press in front of the body rather than directly overhead.
Landmine Press Variations and Alternatives
There are a number of landmine press variations and alternatives that can be used to alter the demand of the exercise. This section will outline five excellent variations and three alternatives that you can consider using in your training.
Landmine Press Variations
1) Banded Landmine Press
For the banded variation, simply place one end of a resistance band around the front foot and the other around the barbell. The band will increase the amount of resistance that is experienced during the press thus applying additional stress to the working muscles and causing strength adaptations.
2) Standing Landmine Press
Very simply move from the kneeling position to a standing position for this variation. Although the change is simple, the dynamic of the movement changes slightly.By standing during the press, there is a greater need for total body control as the muscles of the legs become more heavily involved in stabilizing the movement.3) Tempo Landmine PressThe tempo variation is the same as the conventional landmine press with the only difference relating to the speed of each press. Manipulating the tempo in this way can significantly increase positional strength, muscle activation, core stability, and coordination.
4) Single Arm Landmine Thruster
This variation is an excellent full-body strengthening exercise that incorporates two exercises – the landmine squat and the landmine press. To perform a single arm landmine thruster, start in a standing position with the weight in hand. Perform a squat and as you rise out of it, press the bar.
5) Single Arm Landmine Push Press
The difference between the landmine press and push press is that the push press requires movement through the hips and knees to assist in the press.For the push press variation, start by standing and hold the bar in hand. Very rapidly dip and drive at the knees and hips and immediately press the bar out.
Landmine Press Alternatives
1) Single Arm Kettlebell Press
Like the landmine press, the single arm kettlebell press can be effectively used to develop scapular control, movement, and unilateral strength.
2) Z-Press
The Z-Press is another pressing exercise that is most commonly used to build positional strength and core stability – this makes it an excellent alternative to the landmine press.
3) Overhead Press
In terms of developing raw shoulder strength, the overhead press is one of the best exercises that can be performed. Nothing quite compares to driving a heavy bar up and overhead.
Final Word
The landmine press is a highly functional strength training exercise that will significantly improve shoulder strength, core stability, scapular control, and movement. It is certainly an exercise that has proven to be highly beneficial for the majority of lifters and athletes.
References:1 – Schory, Abbey; Bidinger, Erik; Wolf, Joshua; Murray, Leigh (2016-6). “A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EXERCISES THAT PRODUCE OPTIMAL MUSCLE RATIOS OF THE SCAPULAR STABILIZERS IN NORMAL SHOULDERS”. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 11 (3): 321–336. ISSN 2159-2896. PMC 4886800. PMID 27274418.
2 – Radwan, Ahmed; Francis, Jennifer; Green, Andrew; Kahl, Eric; Maciurzynski, Diane; Quartulli, Ashley; Schultheiss, Julianne; Strang, Ryan; Weiss, Brett (2014-2). “IS THERE A RELATION BETWEEN SHOULDER DYSFUNCTION AND CORE INSTABILITY?”. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 9 (1): 8–13. ISSN 2159-2896. PMC 3924603. PMID 24567850.
3 – Sparrow, W. A. (1983-09). “The efficiency of skilled performance”. Journal of Motor Behavior. 15 (3): 237–261. doi:10.1080/00222895.1983.10735299. ISSN 0022-2895. PMID 15151872.
Three Unconventional Unilateral Exercises to Improve Leg Strength
Performing Unilaterals To Enhance Performance
As a beginner, due to the fact that the body is unaccustomed to the stimulus of strength training, deadlifting and squatting regularly will significantly and rapidly build full-body strength.However, as you become more highly conditioned it may be necessary to make a number of substantial changes to your training in order to continue hitting personal bests. Not only does the rate of strength improvement begin to slow over time but muscular imbalances may also be established if the focus is constantly on bilateral (two-limbed) exercise.Incorporating unilateral (single-limb) exercise into your training program can yield great benefits and allow you to surpass your squat and deadlifts PB’s.
Three Benefits of Unilateral Training
This first section will briefly highlight three substantial benefits associated with unilateral training that will ultimately allow you to perform heavy compound lifts more efficiently.
1) Eliminating Muscular Imbalances
Muscular imbalances are not uncommon and it is likely that everyone suffers from imbalances to one degree or another and there are a number of reasons why they develop.Firstly, everyone tends to have a dominant side – right or left. In everyday activities, exercise and sport, it is likely that one side is used more heavily than the other.As a result, the dominant side may increase in strength to a greater degree than the non-dominant side thus causing an imbalance between the right and lift side.While it is typically the case that the weaker side is the non-dominant side, be aware that this is not always the case and the dominant side may well be the weaker side.Another potential cause of an imbalance is injury. As a consequence of injury, often weakness and instability are apparent around the injured site (1). While rehabilitation exercises will help to restrengthen the injured site, an imbalance between sides may still remain.Furthermore, imbalances can become exacerbated by bilateral training. The stronger side can compensate for weakness on the other side and cause the imbalance to develop further.Imbalances need to be assessed and rectified through unilateral training as they may negatively affect performance and may even increase the risk of sustaining an injury.
2) Injury Prevention
Imbalances and weaknesses can significantly alter or interfere with exercise technique which can significantly impact performance.For example, during the squat, if the stronger side is compensating for weakness on the other side, the hips will likely significantly shift towards the stronger side (2).By strengthening the weaker side and correcting any muscular imbalance that exists, the way in which you move will become more efficient and technique will improve.Becoming more competent with your technique will allow you to lift a greater load which will increase the training stimulus and consequent rate of adaptation to the muscles.Stronger muscles will allow the body to cope with a greater amount of stress will also improve the function of joints thus reducing the injury risk.As touched on, having significant muscular imbalances can increase the risk of sustaining an injury, therefore, by reducing imbalances the risk of injury will be significantly lessened.
3) Enhanced Muscle Recruitment
Research comparing electrical activity of muscle during both unilateral and bilateral leg exercises has indicated that unilateral exercise activates muscle to a greater extent in comparison to bilateral exercise (3).Part of the reason for this is that when performing a unilateral exercise you have only one base of support whereas you have two during a bilateral movement. Having just a single base of support increases the instability of the exercise and therefore a large activation from a number of leg muscles is required to assist in stabilization.Not only does unilateral exercise require a greater activation from the lower extremities, the core must also activate more highly to enhance control and stability.Using a single-leg stance will strengthen all of these muscles in a highly functional way. Many everyday activities require you to maintain balance and stability while in a single-leg stance.Some examples that demonstrate this include walking, stepping up, running, sprinting, and changing direction.With this understanding, it is imperative that a number of unilateral strengthening exercises such as lunges, split squats and single-leg deadlifts and incorporated into our training programs.
Three Unilateral Exercises for Leg Strength
The following three unilateral exercises would not be seen as your conventional-type unilateral exercises, however, there is no denying their effectiveness.The following section will provide detail on the exercise, its uses, benefits, the required technique and how it should be programmed into your strength training.
1) Single-Leg Hip Extension with Hamstring Curl
Considering that the hamstrings control the extension of the hips and knee flexion, this exercise will effectively train the hamstring as it incorporates both of these movements.Furthermore, the use of the swiss ball will increase the need for stability which will place an additional demand on a number of stabilizing muscles.Improving the strength and function of the hamstrings will have a significant impact on the deadlift considering that the deadlift is a hamstring-dominant exercise.While this is undoubtedly an excellent accessory exercise for improving both the deadlift and squat, it is also highly recommended for runners as the exercise replicates the demands of road running.Be aware that this exercise is highly demanding on the hamstrings and therefore high repetitions may be something that you wish to avoid. Start with 2-3 sets of 6 reps per side and gradually increase the reps as the week’s progress.
Technique:
1) Lie flat on the floor and start by placing one foot on top of the swiss ball. Ensure that the heel is pressed into the ball and that the toes are pointed upward.2) Perform the hip extension by engaging the core and driving through the hips so that they lift from the floor and hold them in position. 3) Keeping the hips up, pull the ball in towards your glutes by bending the knee until it reaches a 90-degree angle.4) Briefly pause in this position before beginning to extend the knee and slowly return to the starting position all while keeping the glutes engaged.5) Once the leg has been fully extended, gradually drop the hips down until they return to the floor. Repeat this process until the prescribed number of reps have been completed.
2) Kettlebell Swap
When performing the squat and deadlift, the knees should be pushed wide and track over the toes while the feet remain stable. Some individuals find that, when they squat and deadlift, pronation occurs and the feet fold inward. This is something that should be avoided as far as possible as it can lead to injury (4).Allowing the ankles to pronate may place undue stress and strain on the knees and consequently make it more challenging to engage the glutes and lockout the hips. The kettlebell swap is an exercise that is highly recommended for those who experience this pronation of the foot during the squat and deadlift. The exercise places you in a single-leg position in order to improve balance and effectively build strength around the ankle joint.Regularly performing the kettlebell swap and strengthening the ankles and feet will not only work to prevent injury, it will also put you in a stronger and more stable position when squatting or deadlifting.In addition, in order to pass the kettlebell under control and to prevent swinging, the core muscles and a number of hip muscles must powerfully contract.If this exercise is new to you, consider starting with a light load (18-26lbs) and gradually increase the weight over time.The kettlebell swap can serve as an excellent warm-up activity or can be effectively paired with the squat or deadlift. Look to perform sets of 6 reps per side.Be aware that it is possible to use a dumbbell for this exercise if you do not have access to kettlebells.
Technique:
1) Start by standing tall while holding the kettlebell in your left hand. Keep the arm straight so that the weight hangs by the hip. Engage your core muscles, slowly lift one foot from the floor and find your balance.2) Under control, reach across the body with the left hand and pass the kettlebell to the right hand while maintaining a vertical trunk position and return the weight to the side of the hip.3) While still maintaining a core brace, pass the weight back to the left hand and returning to the starting position – this is one rep. 4) Continue to swap back and forth from left to right until you have completed the desired number of reps. Repeat the above steps again but this time starting with the weight in the right hand.
3) Offset Lateral Lunge
When it comes to leg development, often major muscles like the glutes, hamstrings, and quads are prioritized. The adductors can be overlooked yet they play such a crucial role in hip strength and mobility.Having adductors that are weak or tight can interfere with movement generated around the hips and can, therefore, impact deadlift and squatting ability.Lateral lunges are a superb resistance exercise that can be used to build strength in the adductors (as well as the quads and glutes).The lateral lunge is particularly effective as it simultaneously works the adductors of the leading leg and stretches the adductors of the trailing leg.To add a further challenge, using one kettlebell rather than two will decrease stability. If two kettlebells were to be used, the weights counterbalance each other and stability demands decrease.Using one kettlebell will increase the demands on core and lower extremity musculature as they work to increase stability and prevent any rotation or bending through the trunk.On a side note, you may wonder why a lunge exercise is considered a unilateral exercise specifically because both feet are placed in direct contact with the floor.When you review the demands and biomechanics of the exercise it becomes clear that the lunge is really a unilateral exercise (5).During the lunge (and lunge variations) it is the front leg that drives the movement and is exposed to a great amount of stress; the rear leg simply enhances stability and is not activated as highly during the movement.The offset lateral lunge is best used as an accessory exercise after completing sets of squat and deadlift. Keeping in mind that this is an accessory, extremely heavy loads should be avoided. Depending on your strength levels you may wish to start anywhere between 26 – 53 pounds.Look to complete sets of 8 – 12 reps per leg. For comprehensive hip development, consider pairing the lunge with a hip mobility exercise such as split stance adductor mobs.
Technique:
1) Start by standing tall and bringing the kettlebell up to the rack position. This is where the kettlebell is brought up to shoulder height and sits comfortably on the bent arm.2) Before stepping laterally, push the chest up and brace the core. Take a large step to the side which is not holding the weight and plant the foot.3) Bend the knee of the leading leg and drop your backside down towards your heel all while keeping the trailing leg straight – you should feel a significant adductor stretch in the trailing leg.4) Push hard through the heel of the leading leg to drive the body back up to standing. Imagine you are trying to drive your heel through the floor.5) Repeat until the prescribed number of reps has been completed then move the kettlebell to the other side and perform the same number of reps on the other side.
Final Word
Considering the impact that muscular imbalances can have on strength development and injury risk, a significant portion of your training program should be dedicated to unilateral exercise.If you aspire to improve your squat and deadlift performance, incorporating the three aforementioned unilateral exercises into your training is highly recommended.
References:
1 – Fulton, Jessica; Wright, Kathryn; Kelly, Margaret; Zebrosky, Britanee; Zanis, Matthew; Drvol, Corey; Butler, Robert (2014-10). “INJURY RISK IS ALTERED BY PREVIOUS INJURY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND PRESENTATION OF CAUSATIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACTORS”. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 9 (5): 583–595. ISSN 2159-2896. PMC 4196323. PMID 25328821.
2 – Myer, Gregory D.; Kushner, Adam M.; Brent, Jensen L.; Schoenfeld, Brad J.; Hugentobler, Jason; Lloyd, Rhodri S.; Vermeil, Al; Chu, Donald A.; Harbin, Jason; McGill, Stuart M. (December 1, 2014). “The back squat: A proposed assessment of functional deficits and technical factors that limit performance”. Strength and conditioning journal. 36 (6): 4–27. doi:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000103. ISSN 1524-1602. PMC 4262933. PMID 25506270.
3 –McCurdy, Kevin; O’Kelley, Erin; Kutz, Matt; Langford, George; Ernest, James; Torres, Marcos (2010-02). “Comparison of lower extremity EMG between the 2-leg squat and modified single-leg squat in female athletes”. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 19 (1): 57–70. doi:10.1123/jsr.19.1.57. ISSN 1056-6716. PMID 20231745.4 – Lee, Jong Dae; Koh, Da Hyun; Kim, Kyoung (2015-1). “The kinematics of the lower leg in the sagittal plane during downward squatting in persons with pronated feet”. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 27 (1): 285–287. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.285. ISSN 0915-5287. PMC 4305583. PMID 25642092.
5 – Riemann, Bryan L.; Lapinski, Shelley; Smith, Lyndsay; Davies, George (2012-8). “Biomechanical Analysis of the Anterior Lunge During 4 External-Load Conditions”. Journal of Athletic Training. 47 (4): 372–378. ISSN 1062-6050. PMC 3396296. PMID 22889652.
Build A Thick and Wide Cobra Back With This Workout
Build A Cobra Back With This Back Workout
Hitting the lat spread pose should look like you’re drawing curtains on the people standing behind you. Bodybuilding is a game of illusions, and a V-Taper can make you stand out by making your upper body look bigger and meaner.
An effective back workout should have a combination of isolation, compound, pulling, and pushing movements to target your lats optimally. We’ve designed a workout for you which will take your back gains to the next level.
Pull-Ups – 50 Reps
We took this tip from the Governator himself. Arnold used to perform 50 reps of pull-ups at the beginning of each back workout. Pull-ups are a great way of warming up your back and building the width in your lats.
You must hit your back from all the angles. Make sure you’re not just going through the motions. Squeeze and contract your muscles with every rep to make the most of the exercises.
T-Bar Rows – 3 Sets 12-15 Reps
The pulling movements help in building the width in your lats and the rowing lifts develop the thickness in the back. If you don’t have a T-Bar machine at your gym, you can use a barbell as the T-Bar by placing one end of the bar in a corner so it doesn’t move.
Most people make the mistake of standing upright or bending over too much while performing the T-Bar rows. Your torso should be forming a 45-degree angle with the floor throughout the exercise.
Superset
Wide-Grip Lat Pulldowns – 3 Sets 12-15 Reps
Straight Arm Cable Pulldowns – 3 Sets 12-15 Reps
While performing the wide-grip lat pulldowns, make sure you are not using momentum by swinging back and forth. Using the jerking movement takes off tension from your lats by recruiting your arms.
The straight arm cable pulldowns work the thickness of your back. Your elbows will be locked at an angle and your torso will be at a 45-degree angle with the floor. Keep your upper body stationary throughout the exercise.
Single-Arm Dumbbell Rows – 3 Sets 8-12 Reps
Dumbbell rows are a staple in the back workouts. Perform the dumbbell rows by placing one hand and knee on a flat bench while holding a dumbbell in the other hand, and the other foot on the floor.
While rowing the dumbbell, keep all the tension on your lats. If you feel stress building up in your biceps, it means you’re using momentum which is leading to the recruitment of the secondary muscles.
Superset
Barbell Pullovers – 3 Sets 12-15 Reps
Weighted Hyperextensions – 3 Sets 12-15 Reps
Barbell pullovers are one of the most underutilized back exercises. Perform the barbell pullovers by lying across a flat bench while holding a barbell above your chest. You need to keep your elbows locked so your arms are in a straight line. The barbell pullovers help in developing the V-taper. A broad back can make your shoulders look wider and the stomach thinner.
Developing the separation and conditioning in the lower back can be one of the trickiest things. You can perform the weighted hyperextensions by holding a barbell, weight plates or dumbbells in front of your chest.
Which is your favorite back exercise? Let us know in the comments below. Also, be sure to follow Generation Iron on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Header image courtesy of Envato Elements
8 Functional Exercises for Building the Glutes
The Importance of Building Stronger Glutes
Many individuals train the glutes with the sole purpose of increasing the size of the muscles to enhance aesthetics.
While this type of functional training is very popular at the moment there is an even better reason to regularly train the glutes out with aesthetics.
Having powerful and functional glute muscles will not only allow you to train and perform at a high capacity, it can also have a significant impact on your overall health (1).When it comes to glute building, there are two exercises which are commonly used in training programs – the squat and the deadlift.
While there is no denying that these two exercises are excellent glute developers, they are not the be-all and end-all.
The 8 Glute Building Exercises
The glutes respond well to a variety of rep ranges and movements. As a result, the following exercises utilize a range of equipment and manipulates volume to really challenge the glutes.
Here are 8 of the best glute building exercises…
1) Barbell Glute Bridge with Band Abduction
Adding in resistance bands to glute dominant movements is a great way to ensure that the muscles are maximally activated throughout the exercise and promote muscle growth (2).Looping a band around the knees will force you to push the knees out and keep them out as you move and place a great load on the gluteus medius, a muscle which is often neglected.
The addition of the band in combination with the glute bridge movement, will contribute to a serious glute burn!
Coaching Points:
1) Assume the glute bridge position, place a resistance band just above the knees and align the barbell with the crease of the hips.
2) Ensure that the shins are as vertical as possible and that the hip is externally rotated to place maximal tension on the glutes rather than the hamstrings (3).
3) Engage the core muscles before driving powerfully through the heels and extending at the hips. At the top of the movement, squeeze the glutes tightly while preventing overextension of the spine.
4) Keep the body in as straight a line as possible and hold this position. From there, look to complete 2-3 hip abductions (driving the knees out to the side of the body) and then return to the floor.
5) Complete 3-5 sets of 5-10 repetitions.
2) Single Leg Barbell Lift With Foot On Wall
The conventional barbell leg lift involves pressing the heel into the floor, however, this unique exercise will look to develop the hamstring as well as the glutes by placing the foot on a wall.
Changing the foot position will mean that you have to drive horizontally rather than vertically which completely changes the dynamic of the exercise and increases the challenge.
As with so many glute based exercises, it is imperative that the movement is driven through the contracting of the glutes and hamstrings rather than through spinal hyperextension.
Coaching Points:
1) Lie flat on your back and align the barbell with the crease of the hips. While maintaining a neutral spine, place one foot flat on the wall.
2) Push horizontally into the wall as you drive the barbell upward through a powerful glute contraction. Pause and squeeze the muscles tightly at the top of the rep.
3) Keep the descent smooth and controlled to maximize tension of the glutes and hamstring. Squeeze the core and non-working glute throughout to ensure that the bar stays level on the hips.
4) Look to perform 3-4 sets of 8-15 reps per leg.
3) Rear Foot Elevated Split Squat (Negative 1 and a Half Rep)
The split squat is a superb exercise that specifically targets the glutes. Conventional split squats are challenging enough, however utilizing 1 and a half reps will really hit the glutes hard.
To maximize muscle activation, it’s important to drop in as deeply as possible and focus on contracting the muscles of the leading leg (not the rear leg). It is equally important to keep as vertical as possible throughout and brace the core to ensure that the exercise is performed efficiently and safely.
To add challenge, loop a resistance band around the shoulders and stand on the other end. This will place an even greater demand on the glutes, specifically during the eccentric phase.
Coaching Points:
1) Assume a split squat position – rear foot should be elevated on a bench which is placed behind the body. Chest should be lifted and core braced.
2) In a controlled manner, count for 3 seconds as you drop down deeply. Rise up to halfway before dropping back down to the bottom again. Complete the rep by fully rising up to standing.
3) Complete 3-4 sets of 5-10 reps per leg.
4) Band Resisted Landmine Deadlift
There are a multitude of deadlift variations that can be utilized to accelerate glute strength improvements.
The landmine deadlift is a straightforward variation which not only allows the glutes to be trained but may also facilitate improvements in deadlift technique.
Coaching Points:
1) Place a resistance band on the floor and step on with feet roughly shoulder width apart. Loop the other end around the bar and hold it tight to the body throughout the duration of the exercise.
2) While keeping the chest lifted, shoulder blades retracted and core tight, gradually push the hips backwards. Avoid any spinal extension or flexion as you hinge forward.
3) As the hips move backwards, you will feel the hamstrings stretch. When you feel this, squeeze the glutes and powerfully drive the hips forward to return to standing.
4) Perform 3-4 sets of 8-12 reps.
5) Banded Side Plank Hip Abduction with Bottoms Up Kettlebell Hold
Probably the most technically challenging exercise in the list. The benefit of this exercise extends further than just glute development as the core and shoulder complex are also placed under a great load.
The benefit of holding the side plank is that the core musculature and glutes must all maximally contract to hold the body in position and prevent any unwanted flexion, extension or rotation.
In addition to this, the banded hip abduction places a large demand on the glutes (3) and also adds to the complexity of the exercise.
Coaching Points:
1) Place a resistance band just above the knees and assume a side plank position. 2) With the free hand, grab a kettlebell and hold it directly over the shoulder in the bottoms-up position.
3) Lift the hips off the floor and squeeze all core muscles and glutes to keep the body in a straight line. From this position, abduct at the hip by raising the leg up as far as possible.4) Look to complete 3-4 sets of 6-15 abductions.
6) Double Band Squat Stance Cable Walks
As with many of these exercises, the cable walks work a multitude of muscle groups including the glutes, quads, hamstrings, core, calves and even muscles in the feet.
For this exercise, the pressure will be mostly on the forefoot which is fairly uncommon with many leg / glute based exercises. Therefore, look to dig the toes into the floor throughout.
Coaching Points:
1) Start by looping two resistance bands around the legs – one above and one below the knees. Squat down so that the thighs are approximately parallel with the floor. 2) Grab the cable, row it into the chest and hold it close to the body while also ensuring that the knees are being pushed out against the resistance band.3) Holding the body in the squat position and keeping the core tight, take 8-10 steps backward before walking back to the starting position all while preventing the cable from pulling you out of position.4) Perform 3-4 sets of 4-8 reps. One full repetition is the full 8-10 steps back and forth.
7) Skater Squats
The skater squat is a unilateral (or single limb) exercise which requires strength, mobility, coordination and stability. It will predominantly place stress on the glutes and quads.Start with just bodyweight and gradually advance to a resisted version of the skater squat.
Coaching Points:
1) Starting on one leg, engage the core, begin to squat down and push the non-working leg out behind the body.
2) If possible, drop down until the knee of the back leg touches the floor before driving back up to standing.
3) Complete 3-4 sets of 5-10 reps.
8) Double Banded Seated Glute Abductions
While this is certainly one of the more simple exercises on the list, it is still a highly functional exercise that can effectively serve as a glute activation exercise or as part of a finisher.
Coaching Points:
1) Place two resistance bands around the legs – one above and the other under the knees.
2) From a seated position, squeeze the core and begin to drive the knees out against the band and control them as they return back to the starting position. Aim to keep tension on both bands throughout the movement.3) Look to perform 3 sets of 15-25 reps.
Final Word
Regularly performing a number of above glute orientated strengthening exercises will certainly improve the strength and size of the glute muscles. Even more importantly, it will help to facilitate movement, performance and improve overall well being.
References:
1- Jeong, Ui-Cheol; Sim, Jae-Heon; Kim, Cheol-Yong; Hwang-Bo, Gak; Nam, Chan-Woo (2015-12). “The effects of gluteus muscle strengthening exercise and lumbar stabilization exercise on lumbar muscle strength and balance in chronic low back pain patients”. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 27 (12): 3813–3816. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.3813. ISSN 0915-5287. PMC 4713798. PMID 26834359.
2- Lopes, Jaqueline Santos Silva; Machado, Aryane Flauzino; Micheletti, Jéssica Kirsch; de Almeida, Aline Castilho; Cavina, Allysiê Priscila; Pastre, Carlos Marcelo (February 19, 2019). “Effects of training with elastic resistance versus conventional resistance on muscular strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. SAGE Open Medicine. 7. doi:10.1177/2050312119831116. ISSN 2050-3121. PMC 6383082. PMID 30815258.
3- Collazo García, César L.; Rueda, Javier; Suárez Luginick, Bruno; Navarro, Enrique (October 17, 2018). “Differences in the Electromyographic Activity of Lower-Body Muscles in Hip Thrust Variations”. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002859. ISSN 1533-4287. PMID 30335717.
4- Boren, Kristen; Conrey, Cara; Le Coguic, Jennifer; Paprocki, Lindsey; Voight, Michael; Robinson, T. Kevin (2011-9). “ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND GLUTEUS MAXIMUS DURING REHABILITATION EXERCISES”. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 6 (3): 206–223. ISSN 2159-2896. PMC 3201064. PMID 22034614.
The Ultimate Guide To The Upright Row
Developing Strength And Size In The Back and Shoulders
For years, the upright row has been used by strength, power, and fitness athletes in order to develop back and shoulder strength and size.
While the exercise itself is fairly straightforward, if performed incorrectly it may inhibit your progress or, even worse, lead to injury.
This comprehensive guide will provide all the detail you require to allow you to perform the upright row safely and effectively.
Three-Step Guide To Performing The Upright Row
While dumbbells, kettlebells, bands, and cables can all be used for the upright row, the following technique is specifically for a barbell upright row.
Work through the following three steps to perform the perfect upright row.
1) Pick Your Grip
Before you even lift the bar from the floor, you need to determine which grip you are going to use.
A wider grip on the bar will emphasize the posterior deltoids while a narrower grip will target the trapezius muscle and biceps to a greater degree (1).
For those who wish to get the best of both worlds, use a grip that is approximately three inches wider than shoulder-width.
Ideally, you should select the grip that is most applicable to you and any sport you participate in. For example, weightlifters should consider using clean and snatch grips when performing the upright row.
2) Stand With The Bar
Once you have gripped the bar, lift the bar up to the hips and stand up tall. When lifting any heavy object from the floor, it’s important to lift the chest and keep the core engaged.
Once standing, think about pulling the shoulder blades back and down all while maintaining a tall chest and braced core.
Focus on squeezing the barbell tightly so that the knuckles stay pointed down and the elbows flare out slightly. This will allow you to pull the elbows upward with greater efficiency.
3) Drive The Elbows Up
Powerfully drive the elbows up and slightly out all while keeping the bar as tight to the body as possible.
Letting the bar drift away from the body will interfere with the path of the elbows and will likely cause them to move backward rather than staying over the wrists.
Ensure that you do not excessively load the bar. Use a weight that allows you to use a full range of motion and control the eccentric (lowering) phase.
Upright Row Benefits
The upright row is associated with a number of benefits that will be discussed in the below section.
1) Increasing Shoulder Strength and Hypertrophy
The most obvious benefit of the upright row is increasing strength and size in the shoulders as the movement recruits a variety of muscles around the shoulder joint.
Therefore, for those who aspire to increase shoulder strength or size, pressing abilities, or general strength, the upright row is a great option.
To maximize strength development, it is critical that the technique used is high-quality. Failing to prioritize form may interfere with time under tension and muscle activation thus inhibiting progress.
2) Targeting The Traps
The trapezius muscles play a key role in a number of compound exercises such as the deadlift, squat, and pressing exercising. Having large traps is also a physical feature that many desire.
These muscles are specifically targeted during the upright row and regularly performing this exercise can lead to significant improvements in trap strength and size.
To maximize trap development, use a narrower grip as a wider grip will place more demand on the posterior delts.
3) Enhance Clean and Snatch Performance
In the second pull during the clean and snatch, the lifter must replicate a motion that is not dissimilar to the upright row.
They must explosively pull the bar upwards by elevating the shoulders and elbows all while keeping it tight to the body.
Therefore, becoming proficient at the upright row may transfer directly to a stronger, more efficient second pull during the clean and snatch.
Upright Row Muscles Worked
As highlighted, the upright row specifically targets the shoulder muscles. However, there are many other muscles that must engage to allow the elbows to be pulled upward.
The muscles worked in an upright row include:
Deltoids (anterior, lateral, and posterior)
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Biceps
Who Should Perform Upright Rows?
Before loading the exercise it is crucial to assess whether or not the lifter can successfully elevate the hands while keeping them close to the body without experiencing pain or asymmetry.
Performing the upright row with poor form has been associated with shoulder impingement (2), therefore, caution is required and form must always be the top priority.
While anyone can really perform upright rows, there are specific populations that may gain greatly from them.
1) Powerlifters
Increasing the strength and size of the upper back and shoulders may translate to a better performance with the squat, deadlift, and bench press.
2) Strongmen
The vast majority of strongmen events require a large degree of upper back and shoulder strength. Consequently, the upright row can be used as an accessory to facilitate strength performance.
3) Olympic Lifters
As briefly touched on, there are similarities between the upright row and the Olympic lifts. Practicing the upright row regularly will not only increase strength but will also reinforce the correct movement patterns.
Upright Row Programming Considerations
The load and volume that you perform will determine the fitness component that you predominantly develop.
If you are looking to increase strength, focus on heavier weight and lower reps as studies have consistently shown this to be most effective (3). 4-6 sets of 3-8 repetitions will suffice.
Extremely heavy loads and low reps (1-3) are not recommended as this may lead to the breakdown of form and injury.
For muscle growth, muscle fatigue and time under tension appear to be influential factors (4). Therefore, utilizing a slightly higher rep range may help you achieve this. Focus on 3-5 sets of 8-15 reps.
When performing upright rows for size, concentrate on the muscular contractions and look to increase time under tension as much as possible. Moderate weight is often best for this.
Upright Row Variations
This section will provide five excellent upright row variations that will allow you to maximize upper back and shoulder development.
1) Narrow Upright Row
As mentioned, assuming a narrower grip on the bar will place a greater demand on the traps. Therefore, to optimize trap development, the narrow grip variation is recommended.
As the name suggests, this variation simply involves reducing the distance between the two hands. However, be wary that this variation may place additional stress on the wrists and shoulder if done incorrectly.
2) Clean Grip Upright Row
When performing a clean, the hands are placed on the bar slightly wider than shoulder-width. Therefore, for the clean grip upright row, simply replicate this grip.
For any lifter who regularly performs cleans, this variation may help to improve the second pull both in terms of power production and movement.
3) Snatch Grip Upright Row
The snatch has a much wider grip than the clean. While each lifter’s hand position will likely differ, the grip should be wide enough so that the bar sits at the crease of the hips.
Once the bar is in this position, simply perform an upright row. Because this grip is much wider, there is a greater emphasis on the posterior deltoids.
4) Band or Cable Upright Row
While barbells are excellent resistance training tools, they aren’t the only ones. Bands and cable are superb tools that can accelerate strength development.
One of the biggest benefits associated with bands and cables is that they sustain tension on the muscle throughout the entirety of the movement.
5) Dumbbell Upright Row
Although it is typically possible to lift a heavier weight with a barbell in comparison to a dumbbell, barbells may mask strength imbalances.
Using two individual dumbbells, however, will firstly help you determine whether or not imbalances or asymmetries exist and secondly, allow you to eliminate them.
Alternatives To The Upright Row
Some may find the upright row to be an unsuitable exercise due to previous injury or mobility concerns, for example.
Here are three superb alternatives to the upright row that target similar musculature and allow you to develop strength, size, and performance.
1) Clean / Snatch High Pull
The high pull shares characteristics with the upright row with the primary difference being the involvement of the lower body. It will help to develop full-body strength, timing, positioning, and power output.
To perform a high pull, hinge forward and allow the bar to descend towards the knees before powerfully driving the hips through and simultaneously pulling the bar upwards.
2) Muscle Clean / Snatch
The muscle clean and snatch is an advancement on the high pull and upright row. In terms of developing muscular strength and recruitment, there are few exercises that compare.
For these exercises, the high pull will be performed, however, instead of returning the bar to the hips, it will be pressed directly overhead.
3) Face Pull
Although the plane in which this exercise is different from the upright row, the face pull highly activates the same muscle groups and, therefore, can improve upper back and shoulder strength.
For this, you will need to use a cable or band. Grasp the ends of the equipment with both hands and pull it towards the face all while keeping the elbows high.
Final Word
There is a vast array of upper back and shoulder strengthening exercises, however, the upright row is one of the most effective.
It is particularly useful for those who partake in powerlifting, strongman, and Olympic lifting. Becoming proficient with the upright row may facilitate an improved performance in these sports.
References:
1 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22362088/ McAllister, Matthew J.; Schilling, Brian K.; Hammond, Kelley G.; Weiss, Lawrence W.; Farney, Tyler M. (2013-01). “Effect of grip width on electromyographic activity during the upright row”. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 27 (1): 181–187. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824f23ad. ISSN 1533-4287. PMID 22362088.
2 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24077379/ Kolber, Morey J.; Cheatham, Scott W.; Salamh, Paul A.; Hanney, William J. (2014-04). “Characteristics of shoulder impingement in the recreational weight-training population”. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28 (4): 1081–1089. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000250. ISSN 1533-4287. PMID 24077379.
3 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5131226/ Schoenfeld, Brad J.; Contreras, Bret; Vigotsky, Andrew D.; Peterson, Mark (2016-12-01). “Differential Effects of Heavy Versus Moderate Loads on Measures of Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men”. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 15 (4): 715–722. ISSN 1303-2968. PMC 5131226. PMID 27928218.
4 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285070/ Burd, Nicholas A; Andrews, Richard J; West, Daniel WD; Little, Jonathan P; Cochran, Andrew JR; Hector, Amy J; Cashaback, Joshua GA; Gibala, Martin J; Potvin, James R; Baker, Steven K; Phillips, Stuart M (2012-01-15). “Muscle time under tension during resistance exercise stimulates differential muscle protein sub-fractional synthetic responses in men”. The Journal of Physiology. 590 (Pt 2): 351–362. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.221200. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 3285070. PMID 22106173.
*Header image courtesy of Everkinetic via the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported.
The Arnold-Approved Training Program You Need to Try This Week
Try this Arnold-approved workout
If you’ve been around the fitness scene for some time, chances are, you would have come around Arnold’s Encyclopedia of Bodybuilding. In his book, The Governator, among many things, lists his experiences and results using various training programs.
One of the programs Arnold recommends in his book is the antagonistic superset training. Arnie considered them to be better than the usual supersets where you switch from one exercise to the other without any rest in between sets.
Antagonistic Training
In the antagonistic training, you train opposing body parts in the same workout. For example, Schwarzenegger liked to train his chest and back, biceps and triceps, quads and hams in the same workout.
Although there were no studies or research to prove it, Arnold claimed the antagonistic supersets help him gain muscle mass and improved his strength. Researchers have since backed this technique with data and have given Arnold’s claims a clean chit.
Things to Know About Antagonistic Training
You can use the antagonistic training principle of training opposing muscle groups as a superset or take a 2-3 minute rest before alternating the exercise.
Antagonistic training can help you in building pressing strength by alternating the exercise with pulling movements.
It helps in maintaining muscle balance as you’ll be doing the same amount of work on the opposing muscles.
Alternating sets with a 2-3 minute rest in between sets can increase muscular strength as compared to super-setting which annihilate the muscles.
While following the antagonistic training plan, you need to train your opposing muscles in the same plane to get the best results. For eg. – follow bench press with the bent over barbell row.
Develop Symmetry with Antagonistic Training
The antagonistic training is better at developing symmetry and eliminating muscle imbalances than most other training methods. If you’re already suffering from a muscle imbalance, train the lagging muscle before the stronger muscle in the alternate sets.
Antagonistic training ensures you’ll be doing enough work on both sides of the bone to build and maintain muscle symmetry. Alternating between pulling and pushing movements will keep you from overdeveloping some muscle groups which can cause a poor posture.
You could also perform supersets as opposed to the alternate sets in the antagonistic training program but be ready for a hard and grueling workout. Make sure you’re following the same intensity in the pulling and the pushing movements.
Use the Same Angles
A major aspect of antagonistic training is to use the same angles while performing the antagonistic exercises. If you’re performing dumbbell chest presses on an incline bench, turn around and perform dumbbell rows as the alternate set for your back.
In the same fashion, follow up the standing military presses with chin-ups. Using the same angles will ensure the muscles in direct opposition to the prime movers are trained more effectively.
The Arnold-Approved Antagonistic Training Program
Day 1 – Chest / Back
Set 1
Barbell Bench Press – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Bent-Over Barbell Rows – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Set 2
Incline Dumbbell Flyes – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Chest Supported Dumbbell Rows – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Set 3
Chest Cable Flyes – 5 Sets 15
Rear Delt Cable Flyes – 5 Sets 15
Day 2 – Biceps / Triceps
Set 1
Cable Bicep Curls – 5 Sets 15-12-10-8
Cable Tricep Presses – 5 Sets 15-12-10-8
Set 2
Incline Bench Spider Curls – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Incline Bench Skullcrushers – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Set 3
Bent Over Concentration Curls – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Leaning Dumbbell Tricep Kickbacks – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Day 3 – Shoulders / Back
Set 1
Barbell Military Presses – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Weighted Chin-ups – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Set 2
Plate Front Raises – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Straight-Arm Lat Pulldowns – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Set 3
Arnold Presses – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Upright Rows – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Day 4 – Quads / Hams
Set 1
Leg Extensions – 5 Sets 15-12-10-8
Seated Leg Curls – 5 Sets 15-12-10-8
Set 2
Leg Press (Feet Low on Platform) – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Leg Press (Feet High on Platform) – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Set 3
Squats – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Set 4
Stiff-Legged Deadlifts – 3 Sets 15-12-10
Have you ever tried the antagonistic training principle? Let us know in the comments below. Also, be sure to follow Generation Iron on Facebook and Twitter.
*Header image courtesy of Jamie Wyeth under the CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license.
Effective Upper Chest Training
How To Build A Big Chest
Those who are looking to increase the size of their chest often start in the wrong place. For ultimate chest building, it is wise to start with the upper chest and work down; therefore, growing the upper pecs should be made a priority.
Typically, for chest development, the chosen method is to perform heavy bench presses and chest orientated exercises. While there are many superb chest developing exercises, a large number of them place demand on the fibers of the mid to lower pec rather than upper pec fibers. As a result, the upper chest may fail to develop at the same rate thus hampering overall chest building progress.
The Pectorals
The chest muscles are known as the pectorals and there are 4 individual muscles that make up the muscle group. The 4 muscles are the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior and subclavius. All of these muscles work together to bring about movement around the shoulder.
For those who are looking to increase chest size, it is the pectoralis major that will be of most interest. As the name suggests, the pectoralis major is the biggest and most visible of the 4 muscles. As a result, it is the muscle which have the most profound impact on chest building.
The pec major has 3 independent origin points – one on the clavicle (collar bone), another on the sternum (breast bone) and finally one on the ribcage. As a result, the pec muscle is often divided into 3 different anatomical sections – the clavicular (upper) region, the sternal (mid) region and the costal (lower) region. All three regions insert on the humerus bone found in the upper arm and allow for a range of different shoulder movements (1).
Upper Chest Workout
As mentioned, the upper chest often underdevelops and requires specific attention. The following workout will demonstrate an effective plan for developing upper chest strength and size.
The plan can be used either as a “chest day” workout or may be used as the foundations of a chest-based workout. It is possible to add extra chest exercises to this plan to increase the overall volume of the workout and enhance muscular hypertrophy.
Exercise
Sets x Reps
Rest
Incline Dumbbell Flyes (Low Angle)
3 x 12, 10, 8
45s
Smith Machine Incline Bench Press
4 x 12, 10, 8, 6
60s
Push-Ups with Feet Elevated (Dropset)
3 x failure
30s
The 3 Upper Chest Exercises
This section will briefly break down the movements required for each of the exercises in the program. For those who are strength training novices or for those who are learning the exercises for the first time, always start with low weight and intensity to allow the body time to get to grips with the movements required. As movement proficiency improves, gradually increase the demand of each exercise.
1) Incline Dumbbell Flyes (Low Angle)
A standard dumbbell fly will target the body of the pecs rather than specifically hitting the upper portion of the muscle. In order to place the majority of the stress on the upper chest, place the bench on a low incline. Doing this will maximize upper pec engagement while also minimizing the involvement of the front deltoids in the shoulder
For the incline dumbbell fly, lie back on the bench and press the dumbbells up so that they are directly above the chest – this is the starting point. In a controlled motion, gradually lower the dumbbells to the sides of the body while keeping the arms straight (avoid locking the elbow joint). Drive the chest up as you lower to stretch the pecs out all while ensuring that the shoulders are kept back and down.
Once the arms have lowered to the sides of the body, squeeze the arms together in order to drive the arms back up to the starting position. Avoid banging the dumbbells together when they meet above the chest. Once the dumbbells returns to the starting point over the chest, focus on contracting the pecs momentarily before commencing the next rep.
2) Smith Machine Incline Bench Press
When benching, one of the advantages of using the Smith machine over a barbell is that stabilization is less of a factor. With the barbell, many muscles must contract in order to stabilize the bar as it moves which may take some of the demand away from the upper pecs. Because the Smith Machine runs along rails, there is no need for stabilization which will allow a greater emphasis to be placed on the upper pecs.
For the incline bench press, start by setting the bench at approximately 45 degrees and lie back on it, ensuring that the bar lines up with the chest. Grip the bar with both hands slightly wider than shoulder width. Unrack the bar and then gradually lower the bar towards the chest, stopping an inch above the chest. Stopping just short of the chest will maintain tension in the pecs and eliminate the chances of using momentum.
Pause briefly at the bottom of the rep before driving the bar up powerfully. As with the incline flyes, look to squeeze the pecs at this point and maintain a strong contraction for a second or so. Finally, ensure that the elbows do not lock out during this phase as this will cause the triceps to take control rather than the upper chest.
3) Push-Ups with Feet Elevated
In terms of bodyweight exercises, the push-up reigns supreme for chest development. In the same way that setting the bench on an incline places a greater demand on the upper pecs (2), elevating the feet will also cause the focus to shift to the upper chest. Using dumbbells or push-up handles is a great option for those who struggle with wrist pain and also for increasing the exercise’s range of motion.
To perform the push up, start by placing a bench directly behind the body. Position the hands so that they are directly underneath the shoulders and then place the feet on the bench at approximately hip width. Keeping the body as straight as possible, hinge at the elbows and look to keep them tight to the body as the chest drops down to the floor.
From this position, imagine trying to drive the hands through the floor to propel the body back up to the starting position. Once muscular failure is reached, step down to the floor and continue pressing. This advanced training method is known as a drop-set and has been found to be an effective muscle building method (3).
Muscle Building Essentials
While focusing on developing the upper chest is important for building a full, thick chest, changes in muscle size will not occur by simply following the aforementioned workout plan. Absolutely, strength training is highly important for building muscle size however, this must be accompanied with appropriate nutrition.
The most important factor that will determine whether or not muscle gain is successful or not is the number of calories consumed. For effective muscle building, a calorie surplus must be established. This is simply where one consumes more calories per day than their body requires. If a calorie surplus is not maintained, then optimal muscle growth will not occur (4).
During strength sessions in the gym, individual muscle fibers actually begin to tear at a microscopic level as a result of being exposed to a training stimulus. The body requires these additional calories in order to recover optimally from the stresses of training and repair each fiber. This repairing process causes the muscle fibers to increase in strength and size.
The second nutrition based essential for muscle building is to ensure that enough protein is being consumed. Protein is a crucial macronutrient that the body requires on a daily basis for growth, healing and regulation of body processes. When it comes to muscle building, enough protein must be consumed on a daily basis to, once again, accelerate recovery time from training and promote muscle growth (5).
In summation, failure to consume enough calories or protein, will hinder all muscle building progress regardless of how regularly strength training is taking place.
Final Word
Targeting the upper chest is often the missing component for those looking to build a full chest. Therefore, it is worthwhile selecting a number of resistance exercises that challenge the upper chest to a large degree and cause substantial adaptation. However, without appropriate nutrition, building significant muscle mass will be difficult, if not impossible. Therefore, ensure that one is consuming enough calories and protein in order to onset hypertrophy.
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References:
1-Solari, Francesca; Burns, Bracken (2019), “Anatomy, Thorax, Pectoralis Major Major”, StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30252247
2-Lauver, Jakob D.; Cayot, Trent E.; Scheuermann, Barry W. (2016). “Influence of bench angle on upper extremity muscular activation during bench press exercise”. European Journal of Sport Science. 16 (3): 309–316. doi:10.1080/17461391.2015.1022605. ISSN 1536-7290. PMID 25799093.
3-Fink, Julius; Schoenfeld, Brad J.; Kikuchi, Naoki; Nakazato, Koichi (2018-5). “Effects of drop set resistance training on acute stress indicators and long-term muscle hypertrophy and strength”. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 58 (5): 597–605. doi:10.23736/S0022-4707.17.06838-4. ISSN 1827-1928. PMID 28474868.
4-LEAF, ALEX; ANTONIO, JOSE (December 1, 2017). “The Effects of Overfeeding on Body Composition: The Role of Macronutrient Composition – A Narrative Review”. International Journal of Exercise Science. 10 (8): 1275–1296. ISSN 1939-795X. PMC 5786199. PMID 29399253.
5-Stark, Matthew; Lukaszuk, Judith; Prawitz, Aimee; Salacinski, Amanda (December 14, 2012). “Protein timing and its effects on muscular hypertrophy and strength in individuals engaged in weight-training”. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 9: 54. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-9-54. ISSN 1550-2783. PMC 3529694. PMID 23241341.
8 Mobility Exercises You Need To Do Before A Workout
Improve Your Mobility With These Movements
The worst thing you could do when you enter the gym is to go straight into your workout – and it’s exactly what most people do. Warming up by doing a few mobility exercises can greatly reduce the chances of an injury.
Working on your mobility can prime your joints and muscles for your workouts and facilitate your mind-muscle connection and pumps. In short, you should make performing the mobility movements an indispensable part of your warm-up ritual.
Shoulder Rotator Cuff Dumbbell Extensions
Your shoulder cuffs are a stiff muscle group and don’t have a lot of mobility. Not warming them up before a workout can lead to discomfort or an injury. Stand with a dumbbell in each hand and lock your elbows to your side. Bend your arms at the elbows so your lower arms are parallel to the floor.
While keeping your elbows pinned, slowly turn the dumbbells outwards as far as you can by moving at your forearms. Reverse the motion and turn the dumbbells inwards. Perform this exercise until you feel your shoulder joints have warmed up.
Foam Rolling
While there are hundreds of mobility and flexibility exercises out there, in this article, we’ll be focusing on the exercises you can do on your own. Foam rolling is a great way of loosening up your tense muscles.
It’s a form of self-myofascial massage which can be done for the majority of muscle groups. Foam rolling before a workout can help with mobility and can help speed up the recovery process when done after a workout.
Hip Openers
Hip openers are a great exercise for people who have problem squatting. Stand upright with your hands placed on your sides. Raise your right leg so your upper leg is parallel to the floor while keeping your left foot planted on the floor.
Make a circle with your right knee by bringing it across your body, and then out to the side. Repeat for the recommended reps and switch to the left leg.
Shoulder Pass Throughs
Stand with your feet placed shoulder-width apart. Hold a broomstick overhead with a grip that is as wide as possible. Bring the broomstick behind your back as far as you can without bending at your elbows. Return to the starting position and bring the stick forward so it rests against your quads. Repeat for the recommended reps.
Low Lunge With Push Back
Start with placing both your hands on the floor and in a low-lunge position with your left foot in front. Bring the left foot back to meet the right, send hips high, and press your chest back while coming into a bent-knee downward dog position.
Shift forward, stepping the right foot forward to the outside of the right hand, coming into a low lunge on the other side. Then step the right foot back and return to the downward dog position.
Seated Toe Touch
Seated toe touch is one of the most common stretching exercises. Sit on the floor with an upright torso. Lean forward to touch your toes without lifting your hams off the floor by bending at your knees.
Thoracic Bridge
Start in a kneeling push-up position. While keeping your left arm on the floor, rotate your body to the right side while keeping your heels planted on the floor and thrust up with your back and glutes to form a bridge while extending your right arm overhead and to your left side. Return to the starting position and repeat with your left arm.
Bicep Stretches
Stand beside a wall and place your right hand on the wall so your arm is perpendicular to the wall while your body is parallel to it. Rotate to your left while keeping your right arm stationary. Repeat with your left arm.
Header image courtesy of Envato Elements
How much time do you spend doing mobility exercises every day? Let us know in the comments below. Also, be sure to follow Generation Iron on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Perfecting The Good Morning Exercise
Developing The Posterior Chain With The Good Morning Exercise
For developing the posterior chain, there are very few exercises that compare to the good morning. The fact that the exercise is universally used by top level athletes, strongmen, powerlifters, and olympic lifters, should indicate the effectiveness of this exercise.
The article will review the good morning exercise, the muscles involved, the associated benefits and explain what exactly makes it such a great developer for strength and size. It will also break down the technique required to safely and efficiently perform a good morning and provide information on how to best program it into training.
Muscles Activated
The posterior chain is very simply every muscle found at the rear of the body – from the calf at the bottom of the leg to the traps in the upper back. While all the muscles of the posterior chain contract in some capacity to drive or stabilize movement, there are a number of specific muscles that are responsible for performing a barbell good morning:
– Glutes
– Hamstrings
– Spinal Erectors
– Upper Back Muscles
– Scapular Stabilizers
Good Morning Technique
This section will break down the form for a conventional barbell good morning exercise. There are a number of useful good morning variations that can be performed, however, as stated, the technique explained here is for a conventional good morning.
The most important aspect of the good morning is ensuring that the hips move backwards effectively and that a neutral spine alignment is maintained throughout. This is an important aspect, not only to ensure that the correct musculature is activated, but also to protect the lower back from injury. Flexing or extending the spine under a great deal of load can cause significant injury – specifically disc herniation (also referred to as a slipped disc) (1).
Those who have performed the deadlift, squat or other athletic movements previously may grasp this technique relatively quickly. This is because the movement patterns are very similar to many other strength and athletic exercises.
1) Set a barbell on a rack, just beneath shoulder height. Place the bar on the upper back and grip the bar with both hands, keeping them close to the shoulders. Before unracking, drive the chest up and squeeze the core muscles to protect the back. Lift off and take a few steps back so not to make contact with any part of the rack.
2) Assume a hip-width stance, stand tall and keep soft at the knees. Before hinging the hips, once again ensure that the chest is lifted and the core is braced. From this position, focus on pushing the hips back so that the trunk of the body tips forward while keeping the knees out over the toes and feet flat on the floor. If possible, and without compromising a flat back, tip forward until the chest is approximately parallel with the floor.
3) On reaching this position, reverse the movement by driving the hips through until reaching an upright position. At the end of the movement, focus on squeezing the glutes together. Repeat these steps again for the prescribed number of repetitions.
Good Morning Benefits
It is clear the good morning is an effective posterior chain strength exercise, but what specific benefits are associated with developing these muscles?
Back Health
For many big compound exercises, such as squats, deadlifts and olympic lifts, a large emphasis is often placed on protecting the lower back from injury. This is typically done by squeezing core musculature thus increasing intra-abdominal pressure and stabilizing the spine (2). Failure to do this may lead to flexion of the lumbar spine which can cause injury.
Regularly performing good mornings will increase the isometric strength of the spinal erectors, muscles which are pivotal in spinal stabilization, thus further protecting the back from injury. Additionally, building strong glutes and hamstrings will not only reduce the risk of experiencing a soft tissue or back injury but may also facilitate a greater performance for a number of exercises.
Glute/Hamstring Development
There is good reason why the good morning appears in so many powerlifting and weightlifting training programs. Squats, deadlifts, cleans and snatches all place the lifter in a bent over position where the hamstrings and glutes are exposed to a great load and stress. If these muscles are weak and inefficient, the lift will also be. Research has indicated that regularly performing the good morning will develop hamstrings and glute strength to a large degree (3).
Facilitating Deadlifts & Squats
With every strength based exercise, resisting spinal flexion is crucial for distributing load effectively and reducing injury risk. In addition to this, regularly performing good mornings will improve strength and proprioceptive ability (the body’s understanding of movement). By improving both of these, there will be a consequent positive impact on performance of the squat, deadlift and a variety of other compound lifts.
More specifically, building upper back tension and spinal stability will be specifically useful for lifters during the squat who either struggle to anchor the bar tightly to the upper back or find themselves tipping forward in the squat. There are similarities between the deadlift and the good morning as the movements for both exercises are alike and recruit the same muscles. Therefore, the good morning is an excellent accessory exercise for the deadlift, both in terms of total weight lifted and overall technique.
Although the good morning can be highly beneficial for facilitating better technique for both the deadlift and squat, it should not be over relied on or seen as the only answer for rectifying technique issues. There are a number of factors that must be considered and assessed when looking to improve technique.
Programming Considerations
Good mornings can be used to improve a number of fitness components and are specifically useful for developing strength and causing hypertrophy (muscle growth).
For building muscle mass, the recommendation is to complete 3-4 sets of 8-12 reps. This volume is enough to apply metabolic stress, mechanical tension and cause muscle damage – the 3 mechanisms necessary for bringing about muscular hypertrophy (4).
For strength gains, look to keep the weight heavy and rep range relatively low. Typically no more than 5 reps to be completed per set. However, with heavy loads it is important to be aware that technique is more likely to break down and therefore heighten the risk of sustaining injury. As a result, heavy good mornings are not recommended for many – only those who are advanced lifters or athletes.
If new to the good morning exercise, ensure to start with a light barbell initially and practice regularly. As the movement becomes more automatic, it would then be acceptable to progress and gradually start adding weight to the bar.
Finally, for those who struggle with low back pain, exercise caution. Although the good morning can have a very positive impact on back pain, increasing the weight on the bar places a large deal of stress through the muscles around the hips and the back (5) and therefore, a slight deviation from good technique could exacerbate issues.
The recommendation therefore would be to perform other core strengthening exercises, such as bird dogs, dead bugs and glute bridges, for a period of time to enhance spinal stability before progressing to the good morning. This has been found to be an effective method for reducing injury to the spine and lower extremities (6).
Good Morning Variations
The barbell good morning can be performed from a seated position to maximize tension on the spinal erectors and hamstrings. This is a great variation, however, be sure to reduce the load on the barbell when performing the seated version. The technique involved is similar, however, a wider stance is often required in order to provide space for the trunk to drop in to.
Another brilliant variation of the good morning is the banded version of the exercise. Not only will it effectively fire up all the musculature of the posterior chain, it will also be of great benefit to those who are looking to grasp the movement patterns without the fear of placing a heavy barbell on the back.
For the banded good morning, find a long resistance band, place it under the feet and stand on it. With the other looped end of the band, hinge forward and hook it over the head so that it sits on the upper back. From that position, brace hard, keep the chest lifted and drive up until standing. Reverse the movement, returning to the hinged position and repeat for the desired number of reps.
Final Word
In summation, good mornings are a highly effective developer of posterior chain strength and size. While caution should be exercised for strength training beginners and those with low back issues, the wide range of benefits associated with this exercise means that it is a useful addition to the majority of strength training programs.
References:
1-VanGelder, Leonard H.; Hoogenboom, Barbara J.; Vaughn, Daniel W. (2013-8). “A PHASED REHABILITATION PROTOCOL FOR ATHLETES WITH LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIATION”. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 8 (4): 482–516. ISSN 2159-2896. PMC 3812831. PMID 24175134.
2-Hackett, Daniel A.; Chow, Chin-Moi (2013-8). “The Valsalva maneuver: its effect on intra-abdominal pressure and safety issues during resistance exercise”. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 27 (8): 2338–2345. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827de07d. ISSN 1533-4287. PMID 23222073.
3-Schellenberg, Florian; Taylor, William R.; Lorenzetti, Silvio (July 17, 2017). “Towards evidence based strength training: a comparison of muscle forces during deadlifts, goodmornings and split squats”. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 9. doi:10.1186/s13102-017-0077-x. ISSN 2052-1847. PMC 5513080. PMID 28725437.
4-Schoenfeld, Brad J. (2010-10). “The mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to resistance training”. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24 (10): 2857–2872. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e840f3. ISSN 1533-4287. PMID 20847704.
5-Vigotsky, Andrew David; Harper, Erin Nicole; Ryan, David Russell; Contreras, Bret (2015). “Effects of load on good morning kinematics and EMG activity”. PeerJ. 3: e708. doi:10.7717/peerj.708. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4304869. PMID 25653899.
6-Huxel Bliven, Kellie C.; Anderson, Barton E. (2013-11). “Core Stability Training for Injury Prevention”. Sports Health. 5 (6): 514–522. doi:10.1177/1941738113481200. ISSN 1941-7381. PMC 3806175. PMID 24427426.
A Killer Circuit Workout To Build Monster Calves
Best Calf Training Circuit To Turn Your Calves Into Bulls
Calves can be one of the most stubborn muscle groups. While it might be hard to grow your calves, only a few other muscles look as dope as a pair of giant and shredded calves. If you’re like most people, performing 2-3 calf exercises won’t do much for your calf gains.
You need to be hitting all the three heads of your calves for optimal calf development. In this article, we’ll give you a circuit workout which will leave your calves begging for mercy. In the workout, you’ll be changing volume and intensity to get the most out of your workout.
Circuit 1 – 3 Sets
Seated Calf Raises (Neutral Feet Placement) – 10 Reps
You’ll be doing performing three rounds of the first circuit before moving onto the second circuit. Seated calf raises work the soleus muscle which will give your calf width towards the outside of your lower leg.
Your calves have two kinds of muscle tissues. The gastrocnemius is a fast-twitch muscle tissue while the soleus is a slow-twitch muscle. You’ll see better results by performing the ten reps of the seated calf raises with a 10-second pause at the bottom of the movement.
Hold and contract your calves at the top of the movement for a second before returning to the starting position. The neutral feet placement means that your feet will be parallel to each other while performing the exercise.
Standing Calf Raises (V-Feet Placement) – 20 Reps
The standing calf raises work the gastrocnemius which is the heart-shaped muscle. While performing the exercise, you’ll place your heels close to each other while the toes will be pointing outwards.
The V-feet placement helps in targeting the inner head of the calves. Since the gastrocnemius is a fast-twitch muscle fiber you’ll be performing 20 reps of the exercise without pausing at the bottom of the movement.
Donkey Calf Raises (A-Feet Placement) – 20 Reps
Donkey calf raises are one of the most underutilized exercises. If you don’t have a donkey calf raise machine at your gym, you can perform the exercise by asking someone to set on your back while you do the calf raises on an elevated platform.
While performing the calf raises, you need to keep your toes next to each other and the heels pointing outwards. The A-feet placement works the outer head of the calves. You’ll be pausing for a second and contacting your calves at the top of the movement.
Circuit 2 – 3 Sets
Leg Press Calf Raises (Neutral Feet Placement) – 20 Reps
While you’re performing a circuit, there should be no rest between exercises. After you’re done with one set of the exercise, rest for 45-60 seconds before starting the next set. The leg press calf presses work the gastrocnemius.
Smith Machine Calf Raises (V-Feet Placement) – 20 Reps
Most people let their egos get the better of them while training calves. Make sure you’re not lifting more weights than you can handle. Following a full range of motion is of utmost importance in calf development.
Seated Single-Leg Calf Raises – 20 Reps
Performing unilateral exercises can help in developing strength and fix muscle imbalances. While performing the calf exercises, you should be on your toes at the top of the movement. Your feet should look like the feet of a ballerina at the contraction point.
How often do you train your calves? Let us know in the comments below. Also, be sure to follow Generation Iron on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.