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Most bodybuilders understand that the deltoids can be divided into three regions. Interestingly enough, research has shown that these regions can be further divided, with both the middle and posterior head having three distinct subregions. Therefore, the middle deltoid head plays a role in...

Boron is a non-essential dietary mineral that some have proposed to be a testosterone booster. This proposal has mostly been based off of rodent studies or subject populations of post-menopausal women. Results with other populations are scarce and conflicting so there’s really no conclusive...

When doing full body splits, it’s important to perform lower body exercises before upper body exercises. We see evidence of this importance in studies showing that performing upper body exercises to fatigue can impair your ability to maximally activate lower body muscles. This is likely evidence...

A calorie surplus is obviously the main driver of a bulking phase, however, how large should this surplus be? A recent review by Slater et al. (2019) uncovered the energy costs associated with building muscle as well as the metabolic adaptations that occur during high calorie dieting plus lean...

Betaine is a naturally occurring osmolyte found in a handful of foods. Betaine may promote water retention in muscle cells which can increase cell swelling during exercise, AKA: help you get a better pump. This increase in cell swelling may also benefit protein signaling after exercise. Betaine...

The hamstrings are right around a 50-50 split between fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibers. This means that a wide variety of repetition and rest period ranges should be used to train the hamstrings. In addition, remember to include BOTH knee flexion-based and hip extension-based hamstrings...

Both the biceps and triceps are fast twitch dominant muscle groups, meaning that the majority of training should be spent with heavier weights and longer rest periods (1-3 mins for smaller muscle groups). However, the triceps may have some differences in fiber type composition between individual...

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The lats appear to be a pretty even fiber type split, with around 50% fast and 50% slow twitch fibers. This means a wide range of repetitions and rest periods should be used and you should also (occasionally) utilize aids like lifting straps to ensure that your grip is not failing before your...

This is for educational purposes only Here is some game changing info that many people might not know about, I've been aware of it for some time, but it wasn't until recently (this year) I seen this video from The Doc talking about liver detox and ridding fatty liver, validating the old...

Developing a massive and detailed pair of quads not only takes years of hard training, but it will also likely requires a healthy amount of unilateral work. Both lunges and step-ups have been shown to be more effective at activating the outer quad as opposed to squats. Therefore, unilateral...

Maca Root is a common ingredient in many natural testosterone boosters due to its association with improving sexual health. While maca has been shown to be effective for improving sexual health and/or desire, these improvements are independent of increases in testosterone. Therefore...

Many often preach the importance of carbs before training. However, these sermons are often based off of needs for endurance athletes; resistance training causes much less glycogen depletion. Therefore, carbohydrate availability is rarely a limiting factor in performance during resistance...

Whey protein has been shown several times over to be the top choice for supporting muscle growth with training. However, many people have milk allergies that make consuming whey, well, uncomfortable. Luckily, egg protein has a similar leucine content and excellent digestibility ratings which...

Gains in muscle size are specific to the range of motion used. Partial range of motion movements will only isolate a specific portion of the muscle whereas full range of motion typically develops the entire muscle – both quarter and full squats resulted in similar upper thigh growth but only...

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The length-tension relationship of skeletal muscle is well-known; however, scientists and fitness professionals rarely realize its relevance to muscle growth. We know that mechanical tension is the main stimulus for muscle growth and the length-tension curve shows us that muscle fibers...

The type of exercise you perform can also influence energy balance. This study found that both resistance training and interval training increased resting energy expenditure over baseline but steady state cardio had no effect on energy expenditure. Therefore, if you’re wanting to lose weight...

The macronutrient content of a meal can influence how many calories you burn throughout the day; this is referred to as, “diet-induced thermogenesis.” While this particular study is a little older, it is well-accepted that higher protein meals will induce greater energy expenditure than high...

Consuming carbs or fat after your workout depends on both your nutrient adaptations and goals. Obviously, keto-adapted individuals should stick to fats post-workout, whereas non-keto trainers will shoot for carbs instead. Resistance training will cause some moderate glycogen depletion, so follow...