Keep in mind that I am no kind of doctor.
My experience with 'pops' like you describe are:
One time it was a ruptured tendon in my thumb. Really didn't hurt, but lost extension of the thumb. Because it didn't hurt, it never occurred to me that I ruptured a tendon. That ultimately required surgery to resolve.
Another time I was playing in a hockey game. My skate blade got caught in a cut in the ice as I went into the corner hard, fighting for the puck. I collided with the other player and the boards, my knee twisted and popped pretty loud. It hurt, but I continued to play. It swelled up pretty bad and hurt quite a bit, I wrapped it and went about my business. 10 or so days later decided to get it looked at. That turned out to beat a tibial plateau fracture, caused by my ALL tendon pulling so hard on its insertion that it fractured the tibia. Thank God it didn't require surgery, but did require me to be on crutches for 12 weeks.
I also sometimes have popping in my left shoulder, which has an impingement as a result of a motorcycle crash and resulting fracture-dislocation. This popping is usually only mildly painful if at all and often results in relief when my shoulder gets "jammed up" from scar tissue on the supra spinatus (sp?) caused by rubbing on the impinging bones in there.
If I had to take a wild guess - which is exactly what it is, a wild guess - I would guess that you had a tendon that was maybe bound up somehow, possibly some sort of adhesion or minor scar tissue or something, and it suddenly released. It could have been "stuck" on one side of a minor bone spur and suddenly jumped over the spur.... The docs tell me this kind of thing happens all the time. When this does happen, it can abrade the tendon, causing minor damage which, over time, can result in partially torn or full thickness tears in the tendon.
Bottom line is, if I were you, I'd go see a sports oriented orthopedist and get it checked out. If there is some sort of injury, it's best if it's diagnosed sooner than later. Some things can be repaired soon after the trauma; but if too much time passes they cannot, or it becomes much more difficult.
Like I said, I am no kind of doctor. But I have plenty of experience with sports related injuries, obviously. Which means I've been in orthopedic offices many times, asked lots of questions and have been lucky to get hooked up with some very competent and smart orthopedic surgeons who were willing to answer my questions and teach me a little bit about what's going on in there with all that connective tissue. So, take this for what it's worth, probably 2 cents at most, and go get your elbow looked at.
Meanwhile, RICE. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.